In order to answer the question‚ the terms Crime & Deviance must firstly be defined. Crime is an act against the Law (robbery‚ murder etc)‚ thus the act is known as illegal‚ whereas Deviance is an act that is not against the Law but an act seen as ‘abnormal’ and going against the norms & values o f Society‚ such as cross-dressing etc. Marx developed the idea of Marxism (a conflict theory between Upper and Lower social classes) in the 18th Century‚ when social classes were very clearly defined-
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theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies‚ in some way‚ from a social norm. Cultural Norms are society’s propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard‚ ritualistic practices. Essentially the ’norm’ is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and to compare and contrast
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Evaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime & Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance‚ like their work on other areas like the family and education‚ rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisie
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usefulness of consensus approaches to an understanding of the reasons for crime and deviance in society According to consensus approaches‚ every society shares a set of core values known as collective conscience. The behavior which is different from these core values is to be viewed as deviant. Crime and deviance can be explained by consensus approaches through several theories. One explanation of crime and deviance from the functionalist perspective was Merton’s strain theory. He said crime is a
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Tittle in his book‚ Control Balance: Toward a General Theory of Deviance (Tittle 1995‚ cited under Initial Statement of the Theory). This theory talks about the idea of control‚ that entails explanation which predict the degree to which can be implied to the individual behaviour by his acquaintances or surroundings. This
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Analyze individual and societal influences that lead to deviance from dominant group norms. People who become part of a group or are members of that group share similar characteristics of the same nature. “When there is proof of the uniqueness of a team‚ such person is believed to have an effect of black sheep‚ as he refused guidelines of the group and left the group. Individuals who are member of the group experience have more trouble with party members rather than out-group members.” (Fiske‚ 2010)
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The expression‚ deviance draws reference to frown upon behaviour in a social context; the breach of various concerted norm that generally exist in a community or in society (Newman 2004). Some types of deviance are determined by criminal law‚ others by social standards‚ morality‚ the expectations of certain social groups‚ the welfare system or the medical vocation (Roach-anleu 2003).It is subjective to classify what is regarded as deviant since norms and values vary across nations and culture. Various
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To what extent does labelling theory offer a useful contribution to the study of crime and deviance? In this essay I’m going to investigate the Theory of Labelling also known as the Social Reaction Theory. Hopefully my essay will fulfil the criteria of the above title‚ an allow me to answer the question accurately and concisely. Why does crime exist? What drives individuals with in a populous to commit crime? Can crime ever be controlled or eradicated? By focusing on the Labelling
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assess the usefulness of labelling theory in explaining crime and deviance. Focusing on interactionist approaches such as Becker (1963); labelling theory suggests that deviancy is a social process usually related to power differences but it doesn’t explain the causes of crime. It does however explain why some people or actions are described as deviant‚ and can help in understanding crime and deviance. Becker argues deviance is a behaviour which has been labelled deviant by the reaction of others
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Examine sociological theories that explain the ethnic dimension to crime and deviance (21 marks) Recent statistics show that black people are five times more likely to be in prison than whites. Ethnic groups are heavily over represented in prisons. Waddington et al investigated whether ethnic groups were targeted by the police and whether they were treated unfairly. Waddington et al concluded that these ethnic minorities were stopped and searched more because they were out on the street at the
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