After Muhammad’s death‚ there was quarreling between his followers over who should succeed him. The afternoon that he died‚ a caliph‚ or religious successor to Muhammad‚ was designated. Abu Bakr was chosen for his warmth‚ courage‚ and wisdom. He knew that which Bedouin tribes could be turned against each other and which could be enticed into alliances. The result of defeat of rival prophets‚ known as the Ridda Wars‚ brought the return of the Arabian tribes to Islamic fold. Arab warriors were driven
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6.1 Outline – pg. 120-126 Brief - Islam was the first global civilization taking its roots in the Arabian Peninsula - It was spread by merchants‚ wandering mystics‚ and warriors across Africa‚ Asia‚ and Southern Europe - After its birth in the 7th century‚ Islamic civilization provided key links and channels for exchange among Mediterranean‚ Asian‚ and African cultures - Muslim works of philosophy‚ literature‚ mathematics‚ and the sciences elevated the Arabic language to the language of
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the most influential‚ medieval Hebrew poets in Muslim Spain was Shmuel ha-Nagid. He held a rather contradictory position in Granada as an army general‚ who rose up in political power during a time of Moorish rule. According to the Pact of ‘Umar‚ dhimmis and other Jews were not allowed to hold public offices in Islamic nations‚ thus Nagid’s posting in the Granadan army was very shocking for this time. His high-ranking position points to the grand affects his outstanding poetry had on the king during
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overly positive‚ as it does not show the intolerance between Jews‚ Muslims and Christians‚ the conflict within the religious groups or how the tension increased when Christians gained power from the Muslims. Rights in Al-Andalus were based on the "dhimmi" principle that Muslims‚ Christians and Jews were all considered people of the book and thus had religious freedom and peaceful relations were encouraged 1. However‚ there is evidence of much conflict between these factions with regards to meat markets
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RIGHTS OF NON-MUSLIMS IN ISLAMIC STATE Non-Muslim citizens of the Islamic state whose protection is guaranteed by the state as well as individual Muslims are called dhimmis.The term dhimmi or ahl al-dhimma means those Chris-tians‚ Jews and others who agree to live in Dar al-Islam under the protection of Muslim umma subject to rendering military service or in lieu thereof a nominal obligation‚ i.e. payment of Jizya. Under the Islamic law‚ non-Muslim minorities received rights and privileges that
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“THINGS FALL APART” By Chinua Achebe “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe‚ was a terrific book because it elicited many emotions‚ from sympathy towards Okonkwo’s bitterness due to his childhood‚ intrigue of the customs I was unfamiliar with and anger towards the sacrifice of Ikemefuna. There is one thing that stood out most to me and therefore my focus is comparing the exploitation of religious systems‚ as explained in the book‚ by those in authoritative positions to rule how they saw fit
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The Muslim society that emerged in Spain had given religious tolerance to the other popular holy groups‚ the Jews and the Christians‚ after the Muslims had conquered Al Andalus. This religious tolerance meant the other groups‚ the Dhimmis‚ would be able to worship in peace‚ so long as they respected the Islamic faith. A testament to show their respect to the Islamic faith was for the Christians to give up half of their church‚ so the Muslims would have a house of worship. In exchange
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stability and technologies (27). It contained a wide range of cultures and religions as seen in the famous Alvarus of Cordoba‚ in which it is described how Christian men wrote not in Latin but Arabic (29). Both Jews and Christians were both protected as dhimmi‚ “Peoples of the Book” (29). This fostered a culture of tolerance that allowed for the mixing of cultures and idea that “filled the black hole of cultural‚ material‚ and intellectual well being in the West” (35). The nun Hroswitha of Gandersheim remarks
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According to the article‚ Muslims were the very first to discriminate people against skin color‚ as stated by Evans that “it was under the Muslims that slavery became largely a racial institution.” Perhaps unintentionally‚ Islam gave rise to skin-color racism through the unification and expansion of Muslim concepts‚ whereas previous military and political disorder guaranteed that “most slaves remained racially indistinguishable from their masters.” Muslims and Bedouins (Arabic nomads)‚ by ties of
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Ch. 20: The Muslim Empires Introduction -Nomadic invasions wasted much of the Muslim world w/ the sacking of Baghdad in 1258 • 3 new Muslim dynasties emerged after the nomadic invasions -New flowering of Islamic civilization; Competition(political divisions+military incursions -Largest-Ottoman from N Africa to S Russia; Safavid dynasty to the E; Mughals in Delhi region of Ganges plain -3 empires combined=largest Islamic political+military power ever -All 3 depended on firearms-“gunpowder
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