pyruvate into lactic acid. Cancer cells‚ on the other hand‚ will push pyruvate through the anaerobic pathway regardless of O21‚ 2. While this metabolic pathway yields less energy than the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation‚ it is generally more efficient at producing molecules important for
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The thyroid is a type of gland in the body; it serves a specific purpose and is part of the endocrine system. The thyroid is located in the front portion of the neck‚ directly below the Adam’s apple‚ which is actually made up of thyroid cartilage. It consists of two sections‚ called lobes; these lobes are about the size of half of a large plum. The lobes are located on the left and right side of the trachea‚ connected by a small piece of tissue‚ known as the isthmus‚ which runs across the trachea
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resistance is to have a restricted sugar diet‚ which will help you to significantly reduce the risk of cancer. Excess Sugar and Obesity Promote Cancer The consumption of sugar is responsible for an occurrence of many diseases‚ including caries‚ diabetes‚ cardiovascular disease‚ chronic kidney disease‚ as well as cancer. A study made by the Credit Suisse Research Institute concluded that 40% of the healthcare expenditures in the
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Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus “Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion‚ insulin action‚ or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage‚ dysfunction‚ and failure of different organs‚ especially the eyes‚ kidneys‚ nerves‚ heart‚ and blood vessels.” (Association‚ National Center for Biotechnology Information ‚ 2009‚ p. 1) “The cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
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TEACHING PLAN 1 DIABETES MELLITUS 1.The term “diabetes mellitus” refers to group of diseases that affect how body uses blood glucose‚ commonly called blood sugar. Glucose is vital to the health because it’s an important source of energy for the cells that make up muscles and tissues. It’s brain’s main source of fuel. When a person eats‚ the sugar — or glucose — from digested food enters the bloodstream. Glucose then moves from the blood into the body’s cells with the help of insulin. Insulin
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Pseudohypoparathyroidism Overview- The Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a genetic disease that is similar to hyperparathyroidism‚ but which results from the lack of the body’s response to parathyroid hormone rather than a decrease in production of the substance. Causes- The parathyroid glands help to use‚ monitor and remove calcium from the body. This occurs thanks to the production of parathyroid hormone‚ or PTH. PTH helps control the calcium‚ phosphorus and vitamin D levels in the blood and bones.
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Glycogen Storage Disease type III is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by the deficiency of the glycogen debrancher enzyme. This deficiency causes there to be a mutation on exon three and it causes abnormally structured glycogen to be present in the body. This disease can be diagnosed by multiple tolerance tests and it also can be diagnosed by analyzing the muscle tissues. This disease causes problems in the liver and in the muscles. The tolerance tests are used to test for liver diseases
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1. Which rat‚ A‚ B or C has no thyroid gland? Rat A (1 pts) 2. Justify your answer. (what data convinced you of your answer) (1 pts) T3 and T4 regulate the metabolism‚ so when more is available it increases the baseline metabolic rate. TSH causes the release of T3 and T4‚ so if the rat is injected with TSH‚ in theory we would suggest that the levels of T3 and T4 are also higher than the baseline metabolic rate. 3. In a further experiment‚ all 3 rats were given a drug that inhibits the production
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(“Hyperparathyroidism”). This overproduction of PTH leads to the deformation and‚ sometimes‚ destruction of the affected bones in the human body. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common of the three forms of OFC ("Hyperparathyroidism"). The second type is secondary hyperparathyroidism; this is similar to above‚ with the exception of the difference in cause. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by low calcium levels due to kidney‚ liver‚ or bowel disease ("Hyperparathyroidism"). This second form
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If the type of active ingredient in found in antihistamine type medications relates to the heart rate of a Daphnia magna (water flea) through its respiration‚ then Benadryl will significantly reduce the heart rate of the Daphnia after 2 minutes compared to Zyrtec and Claritin‚ whose ingredients will cause an increase in heart rate after 2 minutes. Benadryl is a first-generation antihistamine that contains diphenhydramine as the active ingredient‚ Zyrtec is a second-generation antihistamine that
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