1.1 Glutamine: muscle metabolism Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9‚10]. In this context‚ glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass‚ but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover‚ nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9‚ 11‚ 12]. The key enzymes in the metabolism
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Assessment: • His current vital signs are as follows: BP of 96/50 mmHg from 140/100mmHg in the morning‚ HR of 128 bpm‚ RR of 36 bpm from 28 bpm this morning‚ SaO2 of 92 per cent despite administration of 10 litres FiO2‚ and U/O of 20 ml/hr in the past 2
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Homeostasis is the process within mammals where the body systems work together to maintain a stable response to a fluctuating environment within the body due to changes in the external environment and input into the body. The homeostasis process is used during blood sugar regulation within the body. This is the process whereby the body uses hormones to keeps the glucose levels in the blood at a stable level to ensure the body’s optimum function. Blood sugar levels are determined by the amount of
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1. What are the etiology‚ signs‚ and symptoms of malignant hyperthermia? Malignant hyperthermia is a disease that causes a rapid increase in body temperature and severe muscle contractions when someone with the disease receives general anesthesia. Most of the cases‚ there are no signs or symptoms of the condition until you are exposed to the medication. It is a hypermetabolism syndrome that affects the skeletal muscle due to the ryanodine receptor in skeletal muscle is abnormal and this interferes
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One‚ two‚ I remember counting my grandfather’s blood pressure pills every evening. At the same time‚ I would take a syringe‚ and place the correct amount of insulin in it for my grandmother. Since I was twelve years old‚ medicine has always been personal. Both of my grandparents were from Libya‚ spoke no word of English‚ and were illiterate. This combination made it very difficult for them to manage their own care. I would always accompany them to their medical appointments‚ and served as the intermediary
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Insulin plays a critical role in integration and regulation of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Insulin and regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Insulin is a peptide hormone which is secreted by the pancreatic beta-cell that present in the islet of Langerhans. It is a protein that function to regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates‚ fats and protein and also utilize of energy from the ingested nutrients especially glucose. Foods that consist of carbohydrates are converted into glucose during
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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a medical condition that encompasses various heart-related ailments such as acute myocardial ischemia‚ unstable angina‚ non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)‚ and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (Kumar & Cannon 2009). NSTEMI and STEMI begins with atherosclerosis which happens when a plaque known as atherosclerotic plaque is formed from years of cholesterol deposits within the artery wall. When this ruptures the platelets clump
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CF is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation of the gene that encodes for a chloride channel called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). In ductal epithelial cells‚ CFTR is highly expressed and functions to transport fluid and anions into the lumen. Dysfunction of the CFTR gene leads to a decrease in luminal fluid volume and decreased pH‚ resulting in protein precipitation within the ductal lumen and loss of normal acinar cell function. Estimated gene frequency
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It’s more than chocolate ice cream and Oreos that hold a person together. Thus‚ connective tissues that function to support the body are necessary. Marfan syndrome is an inheritable‚ autosomal disease of the connective tissues resulting from a lack of the fibrillin-1 glycoprotein (Brown). The missense mutation on the FBN1 gene producing the fibrillin-1 protein decreases the amount produced available for function with other proteins (Defective Secretion)‚ facilitating deficient connective tissue formation
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Ghrelin is a fast-acting‚ 28 amino acid peptide hormone discovered in 1999. it’s structurally resembles motilin‚ they both share about 21% amino acid identity & their receptors also share structural similarity with 44% similarity in amino acids which indicates they belong to the same family. Ghrelin’s also able to cross the blood brain barrier which gives exogenously administered ghrelin a unique clinical potential. Ghrelin cells are ovoid with granules which are found primarily in the stomach &
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