Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) describes diabetes-associated changes in the structure and function of the myocardium‚ in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis and hypertension. Cardiovascular complications (hypertrophy‚ oxidative stress‚ inflammation and fibrosis) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Ample of evidence have indicated that 11β-HSD1-mediated intracellular cortisol production may have a pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and
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One of the principles for drug administration is right to refuse. Patient has a right to refuse any treatment allocated for her or himself. For example‚ Muslim diabetic patient may refuse to accept the use of porcine derived drugs and prefer bovine derived drugs for religious purposes. Refusal or treatment not only related to drug administration but often involve a complex issue such as refusal of blood transfusions. When a nurse deal with these kind of issues‚ an accurate documentation is needed
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Diabetic macular edema is a serious complication of Diabetes Milletus‚ with a prevalence of 6.81% worldwide‚ affecting 21 million people. The release of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor‚ which is thought to be the main factor in the pathogenesis‚ leads to disruption of blood-retinal barrier‚ leading to accumulation of sub- and intra- retinal fluid‚ in the inner and outer plexiform layer. Muller cell‚ pericyte and glial cell dysfunction also contribute to the development of macular edema. Macular
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Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus “Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion‚ insulin action‚ or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage‚ dysfunction‚ and failure of different organs‚ especially the eyes‚ kidneys‚ nerves‚ heart‚ and blood vessels.” (Association‚ National Center for Biotechnology Information ‚ 2009‚ p. 1) “The cause of type 1 and
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Diabetic people are advised to avoid sugary merchandise as a result of they will trigger the blood sugar ranges to surge up. That is dangerous within the brief term as a result of the particular person may feel unwell and have to make use of insulin substitute therapy to reduce the blood sugar. It is unhealthy in the long run because blood sugar control is vital in preventing further diabetic problems‚ like neuropathy‚ retinopathy and cardiovascular diseases. However this poses an issue for a diabetic
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prescription for insulin. Assessment data that indicates learning need: C.S. was diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus (Type II) 3 years ago that has been controlled with the oral medication Glucotrol. She has no prior experience with the self-administration of insulin. Therefore‚ her nursing diagnosis would be: knowledge deficit related to unfamiliarity with Insulin and how to self-administer it‚ as evidenced by patient verbalizing and requesting that someone show her how to take insulin (Doenges‚ 2005
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“The circulatory system is responsible for the delivery of blood‚ and therefore glucose in the blood‚ round the body” (Circulatory system and diabetes). The heart is the main organ in the circulatory system‚ it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated lungs to the rest of the body and organs. The hear contains two chambers‚ two atria and two ventricles. Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the vena cava and goes into the right atrium‚ the tricuspid valve opens to transport the blood
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ONTARIO PUMP COMPANY Ontario Pump Company‚ a small manufacturing company in Toronto‚ manufactures three types of pumps used in a variety of machinery. For many years the company has been profitable and has operated at capacity. However‚ in the last two years‚ prices on all pumps were reduced and selling expenses increased to meet competition and keep the plant operating at capacity. Second-quarter results for the current year‚ which follows‚ typify recent experience. ONTARIO PUMP COMPANY
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pressure head of a single pump and of two identical pumps. In this experiment‚ centrifugal pumps have been used to determine the flow rates and the pressure head. This experiment is conducted in series and parallel to identify the pressure different in both pumps. Centrifugal pump is known as one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids. It’s also known as a device to transfer mechanical energy from a prime mover into fluid energy to produce the flow of liquids. The pump is connected in 2 ways;
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HOW TO READ A CASE Read the case through one time without making any notes Read the case a second time. Prepare the case brief Briefing a case involves taking the published opinion and breaking it down in your words as to the facts‚ issues‚ holdings‚ reasoning‚ decisions‚ and references. A case brief usually refers to a summary of a published case opinion. When you prepare a case brief‚ keep in mind that one of your greatest obstacles will be to summarize highly technical or poorly written
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