BUDGETING AND BUDGETARY CONTROL . Budget A plan quantified in monetary terms and approved prior to a defined period of time‚ usually showing planned income to be generated and for expenditure to be incurred during that period‚ to attain a given objective. The preparation of budgets is not something that can be carried out by accountants alone. It requires the participation of many managers and other personnel to ensure that the plans for the forthcoming period are translated
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Administration of the Budgetary Process The budgetary process has to be administered effectively in terms of initial planning‚ final approval and subsequent monitoring of implementation. A budget committee is usually formed to manage each stage of the budgetary process. The accounting staff will have a close involvement. The budget preparation procedures will need to be set out in a manual which is available to all participants. A continuing cycle evolves in which initial budgets are prepared‚ negotiations
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budgeting E-Book Basic definations i. A budget is a detailed quantitative plan for acquiring and using financial and other resources over a specified forthcoming time period. 1. The act of preparing a budget is called budgeting. 2. The use of budgets to control an organization’s activities is known as budgetary control. Difference between planning and control i. Planning involves developing objectives and preparing various budgets to achieve those objectives. ii. Control involves
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1. What is budgetary slack? What incentive do managers have to create budgetary slack? Budgetary slack is when “managers intentionally underestimate budgeted revenues or overestimate budgeted expenses in order to make it easier to achieve budgetary goals” (1020). Managers have an incentive to do this to give them a little more rope when dealing with the budget. By giving the budget some slack they can give themselves a little room in achieving their goals‚ rather than simply dealing with a hard
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Introduction A budget is a financial plan and a list of all planned expenses and revenues. It is a plan for saving‚ borrowing and spending. It is also an important concept in microeconomics‚ which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more goods. In other terms‚ a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms. But now-a-days a budget is something more than an estimate of revenue and expenditure. There is no alternative of budget for the implementation of development
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TO GOVERNMENT BUDGET UNDER THE FOURTH REPUBLIC: A STUDY OF THE NDC BETTER GHANA AGENDA PHASE I (2008- 2012) Introduction In almost all political systems‚ it is generally accepted that the executive has the primary role in developing an annual budget and presenting it to the legislature. The legislature has the right to review‚ debate‚ in some cases amend‚ and approve or reject the spending plan proposed by the executive. Within this broad framework‚ the actual workings of the budget process vary
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Issue 12 (2008) © EuroJournals‚ Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com Budget and Budgetary Control for Improved Performance: A Consideration for Selected Food and Beverages Companies in Nigeria Ishola Rufus Akintoye Room 116‚ Department of Economics‚ Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan‚ Oyo State‚ Nigeria‚ West Africa Tel: 234-8035369293‚ 8082130269 E-mail: irakintoye@yahoo.com Abstract Budget and Budgetary control‚ both at management and operational level looks at the future and
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Unit 201 Principles of communication in adult social care settings Outcome 1 Understand why communication is important in adult social care settings 1.1 -Create and maintain relationships -To teach and to learn - To share opinions - Feelings and emotions -getting to know each other’s 1.2 Effective communication is essential in building a meaningful relationship between the resident and the carer as it can help build trust and respect. Effective communication is fundamental in
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Chapter 7 Operating budgets: bridging planning and control solutions Review Questions 1. A plan for using limited resources. 2. Firms budget for (1) planning‚ (2) coordination‚ and (3) control (performance evaluation and feedback). 3. Operating budgets reflect the collective expression of numerous short-term decisions that conform to the direction set by long-term plans. Financial budgets quantify the outcomes of operating budgets in summary financial statements.
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How far would you go to raise needed funds? Would you kiss a pig? Organize a game of cow chip bingo? Paint Pepsi on your school roof? As school budgets seem to buy less and less of what educators and parents believe students need‚ money from fund-raising is becoming more and more important. Some school districts are discovering -- or creating -- new ways to raise money. Whether it is selling candy and wrapping paper or such items as T-shirts‚ candles‚ pizza kits‚ posters‚ cookies‚ collectibles
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