Umayyads favored Arab-Muslims over non-Arab Muslims such as the Persians‚ Turks‚ and Africans and imposed a tax on “People of the Book” such as Jews‚ Christians‚ and Zoroastrians. On the other hand‚ Abbasids did not discriminate against non-Arab Muslims. When the Umayyads took over a territory they left the previous government officials and policies in place whereas when the Abbasids took over a territory they appointed delegates and representatives called
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Jean Bottero in Mesopotamia: Writing‚ Reasoning‚ and the Gods outlines his thesis on why the ancient Mesopotamians appear to have used a “substitute king” in order to save the life of their own ruler. The text makes it clear that the ancient peoples of this area did‚ in fact‚ substitute other lives for their own or for that of their king‚ and Bottero makes an interesting argument as to why that is. However‚ I believe there may be more to the story‚ perhaps the purpose of a “substitute king” evolved
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Egyptian women did not have the right‚ or the chance to participate legally in the political life during early 1900s‚ however‚ they have always existed in the political scene in Egypt; starting from the queen of Egypt during the monarchy till the normal Egyptian women who joined and lead many forms of demonstrations and protests in the streets of Egypt in attempt to call for a change. In the middle of the 2oth centaury‚ exactly in 1956‚ women were given the right to participate in the politics of
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early civilizations of Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. Approximately 5000 B.C.E. cultivation rose from unrest in Mesopotamia‚ the modern day area of Iran and Iraq‚ and formed what is arguably the first example of human civilization. It rose upon the banks of the Tigris-Euphrates River‚ formed by a tribe known as the Sumerians. They were a collection of agriculturally based communities‚ which coordinated strongly to ease the hardship of farming. Besides Mesopotamia‚ another civilization arose in
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Abstract WAP bridges the gap between the wireless mobile world and the internet. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) ‚ is a collection of protocols and transport layers which allow mobile and portable communication devices such as mobile phones and Personal Digital Assistants (PDA’s)‚ to receive information over the airwaves such as personal computers users obtain information over the internet. . WAP is simply a protocol- a standardized way that a mobile phone talks to a server installed in
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The average Cypriot individual did not have the education or knowledge to understand the messages behind foreign mycenaean art; consequently‚ this new form appealed to the elite due to its innate restrictive access. Containing references to the greek palaces‚ the imagery of the kraters
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of city-states in Lower Mesopotamia and the influence the landscape played in the formation of the civilization which emerged.<br><br>For this essay I considered the question of what factors contributed to the emergence of city-states in Lower Mesopotamia and the influence the landscape played in the formation of the civilization which emerged. Through my research on this topic I found that there is much evidence to support the claim that landscape was a very large influence on the emergence of civilization
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Computer Architecture The circuitry in a computer which controls the manipulation of data is called the central processing unit‚ or CPU. In the machines of the mid-twentieth century‚ CPUs were large units comprised of perhaps several racks of electronic circuitry that reflected the significance of the unit. However‚ technology has shrunk these devices drastically. The CPUs found in today’s desktop computers and notebooks are packaged as small flat squares (approximately two inches by two inches)
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UNIX ARCHITECTURE The architecture of UNIX is divided into three levels. On the outer crust reside the Application Programs and other utilities. At the heart of UNIX‚ on the other hand‚ is the Kernel‚ which interacts with actual hardware in machine language. The stream lining of these two modes of communication is done by the middle layer called Shell. Thus the three basic layers are:- ✓ HARDWARE ✓ KERNEL ✓ SHELL At the core is the physical
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1Organic Architecture View Full Essay Worldwide notoriety is a comment that would suggest Frank Lloyd Wright and the architecture that he left behind. This legendary American architect started a style of organic structures that remains a roadmap for the people of his genera today. His greatness not only remains by the buildings that he left behind‚ but through his school that he along with his wife started and his philosophy about designing. As a young child‚ Wright developed these characteristics
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