1 Turpentine oil 2 Phenol 3 Toluene 4 BF-3 Acetate 5 Soda Ash Recipe Sr no Raw material In kg 1 Turpentine oil (pinene ) 1455 2 Phenol (100%) 430 3 toluene 900 4 BF-3 acetate 50 5 Soda ash 2 Water for washing 2000 kg TOTAL 2837 YIELD 1925 KG Terpene Phenolic Resin (Polymerization Reaction). Turpentine Oil/ + Phenol + BF3 Catalyst +Toluene Pinene (on 100% basis)
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(acetyl salicylic acid) from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. CO2H OH salicylic acid 2g 0.014 mole O O O CH3 H2SO4 ethyl acetate CO2H O O acetyl salicylic acid acetic acid CH3 O + H3C + H3C OH acetic anhydride 5 mL 0.05 mole The limiting reagent is salicylic acid. The theoretical yield of acetyl salicylic acid is 2.52 g. Physical Data:* mp MW salicylic acid 157-9˚ 138 acetyl salicylic acid 135-6˚ 180 acetic anhydride — 102 acetic acid — 60 sulfuric acid — 98 ethyl acetate
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is to convert toluene to nitrotoluene through the process of aromatic nitration. This is done by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The aromatic organic compound‚ toluene‚ is reacted under mild conditions with an electrophile‚ the nitronium ion‚ resulting in a product of nitrotoluene. Failure to use mild conditions may result in polynitration. Different reaction conditions were studied to understand the effect of nitrating agent concentrations on the results. Initially‚ toluene is combined
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more completely. The boiling point (bp) of our unknown compounds was taken from the flat regions of the fractional distillation curve. Our unknown mixture contained hexane (bp 69 ºC) and toluene (bp 110.6 ºC). Analysis via gas chromatography allowed us to determine the relative percentage of hexane and toluene at fractions near the beginning and end of our distillations. Relative percentages have been recorded in the table below‚ and our calculations are shown on page 5. Conclusion This week
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The early twentieth century led to the discovery of penicillin‚ which revolutionized the use of curative agents to combat many bacterial contagions found around the globe. This was particularly useful in 1943 when the War Production Board outlined a plan to mass-produce a powdered formula of the drug to aid in the WWII American war effort.1 Penicillin’s use on Allied forces in the field reduced the number of amputations and deaths by an estimated 12-15%.2 Despite penicillin’s continued use today
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drug‚ via nucleophilic acid-catalyzed substitution reaction of salicyclic acid with acetic anhydride. The whole reaction is catalyzed by phosphoric acid. (The experiment involved three parts: The synthesis of aspirin‚ the isolation and purification of aspirin‚ and the estimation of the purity of the final product.) [pic] Procedure[1]: A mixture of salicylic acid (0.21g‚ 1.52 mmol) and acetic anhydride (0.52g‚ 5.1mmol‚ 0.48 ml) with one drop of concentrated phosphoric acid in a conical vial
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THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION: ACETYLATION OF FERROCENE Ferrocene was acetylated in acetic anhydride and phosphoric acid. It proceeded via a Friedel-Crafts reaction without the use of organic solvents or strong Lewis acid. Operations and Observations A mixture of ferrocene (1.5 g‚ 0.008 mol)‚ acetic anhydride (5 mL) and phosphoric acid (1 mL 85%) was heated over a steam bath until all the ferrocene dissolved and the mixture darkened from orange to dark red. The mixture was then refluxed with
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Required: -4 Test tubes -Dropper - Cyclohexane (C6H12) (3ml) - Cyclohexene (C6H10) (3ml) - Toluene (CH3C6H5) (3ml) - Potassium Permanganate solution (KMnO4) .01 mol L-1 (4ml) - Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 2mol L-1 (2ml) - Bromine Water (Br2) (5ml) Procedure: Reaction of hydrocarbons with acidified permanganate: 1) Into three separate‚ labeled test tubes place 1 ml of cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene and toluene respectively. 2) In a separate test tube add 4 ml of 0.01mol L-1 KMnO4 to 2 ml of 2mol L-1
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Solvents used were water‚ methanol‚ n-butanol‚ ethylene glycol‚ acetone‚ hexane‚ toluene‚ ethyl acetate‚ and dichloromethane. Then added to the vials was 0.5 mL of isooctane in each one. The vials were then swirled and observed to determine solubility. In part two of the experiment‚ 0.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid was added into
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attach metal restorations and brackets used in braces to teeth. It can be supplied in bottles of powder and liquid‚ which are mixed on a glass slab or paper pad using a spatula. The liquid in glass ionomer cement contains itaconic acid‚ tartaric acid‚ maleic acid and water. The powder includes zinc oxide‚ aluminum oxide and calcium. One of the best qualities about this type of cement is that it releases Fluoride‚ which helps prevent tooth decay. It slowly is released from this powder because of its special
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