Diels-Alder Synthesis of Exo-Norbornene-cis-5‚6-Dicarboxylic Anhydride for Organic Chemistry Laboratory Instruction Kyle Myers and Dr. James Roark University of Nebraska at Kearney‚ Department of Chemistry‚ Kearney‚ NE 68849 Abstract A technique for the Diels-Alder synthesis of endo-norbornene-cis-5‚6dicarboxylic anhydride and its stereoisomer‚ exo-norbornene-cis-5‚6-dicarboxylic anhydride‚ is explained. To prove that each stereoisomer was made in the experiment and to distinguish between the
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Substitution: The Nitration of Toluene Abstract This industrially important reaction of EAS: The Nitration of Toluene exhibits how the attack of a nitronium ion would give out major and minor products at different positions of toluene. This is an electrophilic substitution mechanism. Mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid will produce a nitronium ion‚ which will attack ortho-‚ meta- and para- positions at Toluene. (Mechanism at appendix). Introduction/Procedure Toluene is cooled down to almost
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the experiment of distillation we separated two miscible liquids. The purpose of distillation is to identify and purify compounds. We began our experiment by setting up an apparatus for macroscale simple distillation. We used 60 ml of Cyclohexane/ Toluene. We began with the temperature at 50 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately‚ we reached an error when the compounds evaporated too rapidly. The compounds evaporated so quickly that we lost data from 2 ml to 13 ml. The heat was lowered and as a result we started
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Toluene is a clear colorless liquid that has an aromatic odor. It ignites in air at 40 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also less dense than water and because so will float atop it. Toluene is non-corrosive. Toluene is in a ton of things! Toluene is used in aviation gasoline‚ high-octane blending stock‚ and petroleum/coal production. It is used as a solvent in things we use everyday like paints‚ coatings‚ and gums. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and in the tolu tree. The tolu tree is where Toluene
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variety of chemicals and materials used in electronic components‚ printed circuit boards‚ consumer electronics and other industrial products. This report focuses on analyzing photoresist & its special chemicals and capacitor chemicals as well as maleic anhydride derivatives used in printed circuit boards‚ flat panel displays and semiconductors. 1 Photoresist Photoresist is mainly used for fine graphics processing in PCB‚ LCD‚ semiconductor and other areas. In 2013‚ the global photoresist market scale
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majority of your time is spent in the past or future‚ but rarely living in the realism of NOW.’ - Shannon L. Alder The quote listed above by Shannon Alder is very meaningful and thought provoking‚ relating to not just people who suffer from personality disorders‚ but to anyone that may occasionally be conflicted with stress‚ anxiety‚ or any other forms of suffering. Prioritizing the focal point‚ Alder acknowledges how the ‘true definition’ of a mental illness is over-contemplating our past or future when
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Distilling a Mixture of Cyclohexane and Toluene Lab partner: Chemistry 211 2/08/12 Goal: The purpose of doing this experiment is to separate a sample of cyclohexane and toluene using simple miniscale distillation. The objectives will be to record boiling range and volumes (mL) of distillates that are acquired during the distillation process. It is expected that cyclohexane boils and distils before toluene. By gathering these measurements will allow us to determine refractive index
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3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Particle Size of Asphaltenes. DLS was utilized to obtain the hydrodynamic radius of asphaltenes in toluene‚ which could help understand the behaviors of asphaltenes in the bulk solutions and oil/water interfaces. Figure 1 shows the particle size distribution of asphaltenes under different concentrations at 23 ℃ and under 2000 mg/L at different temperatures. A summary of the average particle size under different concentration and temperature conditions is shown in
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We reached our goals through our experimentation. We tested the solubility of each of the starting and ending materials in water‚ HCl‚ NaOH‚ toluene‚ and acetone. We discovered that the starting materials would only dissolve in toluene. To make the soap‚ we obtained about 10 mL of vegetable oil and 10 g of lard and we placed them both in separate 250 mL beakers. While we were stirring the compounds‚ we also added 15 mL of 6 M NaOH drop by drop and 1 mL of glycerol. We then heated our solutions
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Alfred Alder Feb. 7th‚1870 - May 28th‚ 1937 Alfred Alder is a psychologist whom was born in Vienna‚ Austria. As a child‚ Alfred suffered with Rickets. Rickets is a disease that is caused by a lack of vitamin D‚ calcium‚ or phosphate. Rickets leads to the softening and weakening of the bones. Because of Alder having this disease‚ he was restricted to a wheel chair until the age of four when he was able to walk on his own. Due to Alder having
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