reflux‚ we finally cool it for 1 hour 30 minutes in ice bath‚ after this period of time yellow crystals start to form at the bottom of the round bottomed flask. After the filtering of these crystals‚ the remain yellow and after being rinsed with diethyl ether they change into a light yellow colour. We than dissolve these
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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calculated as follows. RBW = ABT (g) / IB (g) x 100‚ Where ABT is the absolute body weight at one time interval and IB is the body weight of rest on the beginning of the treatment. 5. Serum analysis On day 29‚ the rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether and sacrificed by decapitation after 24h of above treatment. Blood was collected from each animal‚ into a centrifuge tube without a coagulant and allowed to clot at room temperature to collect serum. The serum was separated by centrifugation at
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snowflake‚ fractal like structures (dendrites). Surface area can be again increased by deposition onto a zeolite‚ typically ZSM-5. Traces of rare earth and alkali metals are beneficial to the process. Byproducts of the dehydrogenation include diethyl ether‚ which is thought to arise primarily due to aluminum sites in the catalyst‚ acetaldehyde and its aldol products‚ higher esters‚ and ketones. Separations of the byproducts are complicated by the fact that ethanol forms an azeotrope with water‚ as
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titration techniques in non-aqueous solvents.1‚2 These techniques have a number of drawbacks: (i) Currently used non-aqueous solvents are toxic‚ e.g.‚ ethanol or isopropanol heated up to 60 °C or higher (exact temperature is not indicated)‚1 or diethyl ether– ethanol solvent (1:1 vol. ratio).2 (ii) Incomplete solubility of a test oil portion in alcohol (even under heating)1 caused by the formation of a dispersed system.3 (iii) Conditions for accurate acid-base titration in hot amphoteric solvents
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Organic Chemistry: CHP 225 Thomas Hsieh Experiment 2: Boiling Points o Date experiment was performed: September 16‚ 2011 o Objective: To determine the boiling point of organic compounds such as tert-butyl alcohol‚ sec-butyl alcohol‚ n-butyl alcohol‚ and an unknown. o Principle: Boiling point is the temperature at which gas and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium. At this temperature‚ the vaporization rate and the condensation rate are equal. The liquid and vapor reach a state of dynamic
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Tittle : Rancidity Measurement in Fats and Oils. Introduction : Vegetable oil is an important and widely used lipid source for our everyday food products. Its application is increasing day by day for food purposes and for the manufacturing of a number of toiletry products. However‚ some vegetable oils are not up to standards to meet consumer satisfaction in terms of their physico-chemical properties or for the texture and stability of the food products (Reyes- Hernandez et al.‚ 2007). Recently
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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Abstract The antimicrobial activity of alkaloids‚ tannins‚ saponins‚ flavonoids‚ phenol and cardic glycoside present in the various parts of Chrysophyllum albidium plant were investigated. These phytochemical were determined quantitatively and tested against staphylococcus aureus‚ B. subtilis‚ pseudomonas aeruginosa‚ E. coli‚ C. tetani‚ and the fungus; candida albicans. Most the plant parts were found to contain alkaloids‚ tannins‚ phenols and flavonoids except for the absence of cardic glycosides
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Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization‚ extraction‚ and chromatography.
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