The historical cost accounting is an accounting technique that values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition. It is usually used in combination with other measurement bases. For example‚ inventories are usually carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value‚ on the other hand marketable securities are usually carried at market value‚ and entities prefer to carry pension liabilities at their present value. The main advantage of using
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Costs of Incarceration Introduction to Corrections Incarceration Costs Money is a huge issue with problems in America and in America the costs for corrections is going up every year. Some may argue that this is because of more people getting in trouble‚ jails are too full‚ or others may argue that the programs are not working to cut down recidivism rates. Regardless of what argument one makes this research paper shows results on how worth a program is based on money and recidivism
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CHAPTER 14: PROCESS COSTING AND THE COST ACCOUNTING CYCLE Multiple Choice c 1. ABC Company made the following journal entry. Work in Process Inventory $200‚000 Direct Labor $188‚000 Direct Labor Rate Variance 12‚000 From this entry we can tell that ABC uses a. job-order costing. b. process costing. c. standard costing. d. normal costing. d 2. CDE Company
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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Opportunity Cost Scarcity of resources is one of the more basic concepts of economics. Scarcity necessitates trade-offs‚ and trade-offs result in an opportunity cost. While the cost of a good or service often is thought of in monetary terms‚ the opportunity cost of a decision is based on what must be given up (the next best alternative) as a result of the decision. Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost. Opportunity cost contrasts to accounting cost in
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1. ‘An agency relationship exists when one or more individuals (called principals) hire others (called agents) in order to delegate responsibilities to them’ (Baiman (1990: 342)) Agency relationships are administrated by implicit or explicit contracts between agents and principals. The assumption of agents’ self – interest which contradicts with the principals’ interest is the basis of the agency problem. According to Alawattage and Wickramasinghe‚ agency theory suggests two fundamental reasons
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Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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permitted. General scope and definitions The IASB has amended the list of costs that can be included in borrowing costs‚ as part of its 2008 minor improvement project. Will this change anything in practice? The amendment should eliminate inconsistencies between interest expense as calculated under IAS 23R and IAS 39. IAS 23R refers to the effective interest rate method as described in IAS 39. The calculation includes fees‚ transaction costs and amortisation of discounts or premiums relating to borrowings
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Overview Welcome to the study of cost accounting. This introductory chapter explains the intertwining roles of managers and management accountants in choosing an organization’s strategy‚ and in planning and controlling its operations. Unlike the remainder of the textbook‚ this chapter has no “number crunching.” Its main purpose is to emphasize the management accountant’s role in providing information for managers. Review Points organization. Cost accounting provides information
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