Critically evaluate McGregor ’s Theory X and Theory Y. How far is it applicable to management and employee motivation in contemporary Chinese organizations? During the 1960s the number of psychologists invented motivational theories‚ which aimed to increase organizations’ productivity. One of those is McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y‚ in which he claimed that people can be managed in two extremes‚ based on the grounds of their needs. After publishing his work had a significant impact on management
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Chan ges in Does X Really Cause Y? By Bryan Dowd and Robert Town September 2002 AcademyHealth is the national program office for HCFO‚ an initiative of The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Foreword Health policy issues often dominate state and federal policymakers’ agendas. In the most recent session of the United States Congress alone‚ the House and Senate addressed legislation concerning a patients’ bill of rights‚ prescription drugs for seniors‚ and generic drug substitution
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Gender theories Sex is biologically given. Some animal species have one sex; others have two‚ or three. Gender is how nature interprets the apparent biological differences between particular human bodies of different sexual anatomy. The distinctions between bodies observed and imposed by our culture is where sociologists and theorists of gender identity find their theoretical interests aroused‚ poised for deconstruction action. This essay will visit the various approaches to gender realization
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Virtue theory‚ utilitarianism‚ and deontological ethics are three of the different approaches to ethics. This paper will go over the similarities and differences between virtue theory‚ utilitarianism‚ and the deontological principles. It will also include information of the variations in how each concept details ethics‚ morality‚ and will also discuss a personal experience to describe the correlation between virtue‚ values‚ and moral perceptions as they relate to one of the three theories. Virtue
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associated with employee motivation (Geren‚ 2011). Therefore‚ applying appropriate motivation theories is attaching much attention in China than before. As a prime example of Western motivation theories‚ McGregor states that every management method is based on an assumption of human nature and behavior at work in theory X and Y (McGregor‚ 2000). Whereas theory X emphasizes on strategies of control‚ theory Y focus motivators more on individual goals. In spite of numerous criticisms that query the certainty
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management thought and therefore needed serious evaluation‚ the results published were the findings of Elton Mayo and his co-workers and it is worth noting that not every person shares the same ideas in their minds. In contrast‚ Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory did not face as much criticism as it did analysis. In the modern age researchers tend to often look back and evaluate whether or not his findings remain true to how things operate nowadays (Lloyd‚ 2005). One can understand the need to criticise and
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9. Describe the differences between the universal and the contingency leadership theories. Explain your answer in sufficient detail to demonstrate your understanding. Be specific using the materials in your text and not a generalized or philosophical statement. Hint: both the trait and behavioral leadership theories were attempts to find the “one best leadership style in all situations”; thus they are called universal leader theories. According to Stogdill and Mann‚ it was illustrated that traits
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Conflict theory developed largely from the work of Karl Marx suggests that society is in a state of eternal conflict due to competition for limited resources. Conflict theory also states that social order is maintained by domination and power. Society consists of people who struggle against each other in an attempt to satisfy their own needs and wants. Conflict theory argues that social change will occur when individuals and social groups
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Criminology is “the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior” (Siegel p.4). To start off‚ it is important to distinguish between criminology and criminal justice. For instance‚ criminology “explains the origin‚ extent‚ and nature of crime in society whereas criminal justice refers to the study of the agencies of social control – police‚ courts and corrections” (Siegel p. 5). One of the most important questions criminologists ask is “What causes crime?” Crime has always occurred. In the 1600s
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Brown and levenson’s theory of politeness Brown and Levenson’s theory is based on the existence of speakers and addressees(1987:58).Both speakers and addressees are rational agents who have something that Brown and Levenson call ‘face’. The term ‘face’ could be translated as a public self -image. The concept of face derives from earlier work by Goffman (1967) and from the English folk term used for example in the idiom of ‘losing face’ (Brown and Levenson 1987:61) Politeness theory on hedges relies heavily
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