Aristotle’s theory of the four causes is impossible to apply to everyday life and cannot be applied to the real world. Aristotle believed there are four causes that determine what things are and their purpose and claims this is how we differentiate one thing from another. These four causes are known as the material cause‚ the efficient cause‚ the formal cause and most importantly for Aristotle‚ the final cause‚ and these together describe how ‘things’ transform from the state of actuality to potentiality
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effects of things are produced as per the universality of laws and it is called Nature. Accordingly‚ the universal imperative of duty may be expressed thus: Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will a universal law of nature. Kant starts with the simple proposition that it is unfair for a person to do something that others don’t do‚ can’t do‚ or won’t do. If every individual refuses to do the some action which is good like refuse to pay tax‚ it does not fit into Universalist
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2419657 Mr. Zimmerman Philosophy 201 Aristotle Paper 1 Moral virtue‚ according to Aristotle‚ is formed by habit. This means that you begin to decide your moral virtues in the early years of your life‚ and continue to form them as you age‚ depending on the habits you form during your lifetime. In Aristotle’s mind‚ moral virtues are a characteristic not decided by nature‚ but by the individual himself. In Aristotle’s‚ Nicomachean Ethics‚ Aristotle states‚ "This shows‚ too‚ that none of the
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Essay Question #1 Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle wrote the Nicomachean Ethics‚ portraying the significance of studying the realms of ethics and political science. In his work‚ Aristotle focuses on the theme of how human beings can attain the chief human good—happiness—at which everything aims. Aristotle argues that ethics‚ the study of moral character‚ and political science‚ the branch of knowledge and analysis of political activity and behavior‚ must be closely studied together in order
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without thoroughly exploring their options. Immanuel Kant‚ John Stuart Mill‚ Plato‚ and Aristotle are philosophers that focus on the topic of ethics‚ yet all have different outlooks. Kant is considered a non-consequentiality‚ which means he feels the intentions motives‚ and good will is more important than the results or consequences of an action. The backbone of Kant’s philosophy is the belief in the fundamental freedom of the individual. Kant did not indicate anarchy‚ but the idea of self-government
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Aristotle on Friendship We are social creatures. We surround ourselves with other human beings‚ our friends. It is in our nature. We are constantly trying to broaden the circumference of our circle of friends. Aristotle understood the importance of friendship‚ books VIII and IX of the Nicomachean Ethics deal solely with this topic. A modern day definition of a friend can be defined as �one joined to another in intimacy and mutual benevolence independently of sexual or family love�. (Oxford
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Explain the differences between absolute and relative morality (25 Marks) There are numerous differences between absolute and relative morality which people use to base their everyday life choices‚ deciding whether an action is moral or immoral. Absolute morality is the view that actions are deontological‚ paying no attention to circumstances of when an action was performed‚ being a fixed decision‚ with no possibility of alteration. People who believe in this‚ consider consequences equal for all
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believed in an ethical theory known as utilitarianism. Kant and Mill both articulate thought that praise the use of reason as the ultimate good‚ that which leads to enlightenment and a general understanding and certainty‚ as Mill would put it. The two philosophers‚ while both striving to reach the same goal‚ ultimately achieve their goals in a different sense‚ and even demonstrate slight discrepancy in what they ultimately mean to attain. Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill both addresses the issues of
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2/19/07 Aristotle Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics provides a sensible account for what true moral virtue is and how one may go about attaining it. Aristotle covers many topics that help reach this conclusion. One of them being the idea of mean between the extremes. Although Aristotle provided a reliable account for many philosophers to follow‚ Rosalind Hursthouse along with many others finds lose ends and topics which can be easily misinterpreted in Aristotle’s writing. Aristotle explains
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KANT AND EQUALITY Some readers of this essay will have become impatient by now; because they believe that the problem that perplexes me has been definitively solved by Immanuel Kant. It is certainly true that Kant held strong opinions on this matter. In an often-quoted passage‚ he reports a personal conversion from elitism: “I am myself a researcher by inclination. I feel the whole thirst for knowledge and the eager unrest to move further on into it‚ also satisfaction with each acquisition. There
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