ECONOMICS SUMMARY NOTES (From Rein‚ to you‚ prepared with loving care‚ but with scant concern for accuracy) 1. BUSINESS CYCLES The cycles from economic upswing (boom) to economic recession (Black et al.‚ Ch 19.3) A business cycle may or may not consist of the following 4 cycles (Roux): (i) Recovery Phase / Upswing • Building up of inventories / stocks in reaction to sales • Investment in capital goods (machinery‚ equipment) to satisfy increasing demand • An increase in employment • Greater
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ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION 1. Introduction: From the end of World War II into 1960s‚ the formative period of what we now call “Development Economics” intense debate centered on why some countries grew rich while others languished. Because scars from the great depression were still fresh‚ the traditional nineteenth-century liberal approach based on free trade in domestic and foreign markets was somewhat discredited. Instead‚ influential economists tended to emphasize problems of market failure and
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Download the original attachment (1) Economics for Engineers - Introduction Our Country has reached 65th yr of its glorious existence as the defender of a great legacy of professional integrity‚ independence and excellence. To preserve it for posterity is our duty – ‘ The prudent heir takes careful inventory of his legacies and gives an faithful accounting to those whom he owes an obligation of trust’ – rightfully said by the 35th American President – John F. Kennedy. The days of generalists
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Introduction The current state of the world economy is quite uncertain. Economic statistics that governments and other financial institutions use to project the economy imply that the world economy is shrinking. Since 2008‚ the state of the American economy has not been attractive. For instance‚ the United States economy has not registered any significant growth for the last three years. The 2011 second quarter results indicated that gross domestic product improved by 1%. At the same time‚ there
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ONE THE NATURE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of economics. In this first chapter‚ however‚ we will not plunge into problems and issues; instead we consider some important preliminaries. We first look at the economic perspective—how economists think about problems. Next‚ we state some of the benefits of studying economics. Then‚ we examine the specific methods economists use to examine economic behavior and the economy‚ distinguishing
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producer of tin in the 1980s. After that‚ petroleum and natural gas took over from tin as the mainstay of Malaysian economy. Compare to Brunei Darussalam only main focus on explore and export of oil and gas‚ Malaysia relatively has a wider area of economic activities. This is because Malaysia is rich in natural resources. Brunei’s agriculture sector is relatively not widely produced if
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QUESTION 1 What are the THREE (3) basic economic questions that all economies must answer? Describe the differences in the way capitalism and socialism answer these questions. Scarcity‚ Choices‚ Opportunity Costs We live in a finite world. No matter how seemingly bountiful the quantity of our natural resources may be or how carefully human try to conserve them‚ if we keep using them‚ they eventually are going to run out. Our tastes for goods and services are virtually limitless and this creates
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Chapter 1: What Is Economics? Overview As you read this chapter‚ look for answers to the following questions: • What is "scarcity" and why must all societies deal with it? • Why is economics sometimes called "the study of scarcity and choice"? • What are trade-offs and opportunity costs? • Why should everyone understand basic economics? • What are the factors of production? • How do different economic systems solve the problem of scarcity? Scarcity One discovery you have made
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Economic integration Economic integration is the unification of economic policies between different states through the partial or full abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade taking place among them prior to their integration. This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers with the goal of increasing the combined economic productivity of the states. The trade stimulation effects intended by means of economic integration are part of the contemporary
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