Gd2O3 nanopowders doped with different concentrations of Er3+ and Yb3+ were synthesized using the combustion method. The starting reagents‚ Gd(NO3)3 6H2O‚ Er(NO3)3 5H2O‚ Yb(NO3)3 xH2O and NH2CH2COOH (glycine)‚ which was used as a fuel in reaction‚ of an analytical grade were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and Alfa Aesar. The ratio of glycine to nitrate was kept as 0.56 [31‚ 32]. The appropriate amounts of the starting reagents were dissolved in a minimum amount of deionized water. The solution was
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characteristic peaks were observed in the physical mixture as shown in Figure (27) demonstrating that its crystalline structure remained unchanged during the physical blend. On the other hand‚ the liquisolid (F18) powder X-ray diffraction pattern Figure (28) showed only one sharp diffraction peak at 2Ɵ angle of 22.3 belonging to carreier Avicel (PH-102) Figure (26)‚ indicating that only Avicel (PH-102)
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CH1105: Materials Science Crystal Structure Assoc/Prof Timothy Tan Office: N1.2 B2-34 B2Tel: 6316 8829 E-mail: tytan@ntu.edu.sg Semester 1‚ 2013-2014 2013School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Why study structure of crystalline solids? To understand how atoms assemble geometrically into solid structures To describe the structure of solids To relate material properties to its structure 2 Energy and Packing Dense‚ regular packing Energy typical neighbor bond length typical
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characterized in terms of their crystalline structure (Powder X-Ray Diffraction)‚ microstructural behavior (Scanning electron microscopy)‚ Dielectric property (Permittivity analyzer) and crystal lattice vibration (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). In the X-Ray diffraction spectra‚ it is expected to observe the presence of a doublet peak from the reflection of (002) and (200) planes in tetragonal BT and an increase in its diffraction angle due to shorter distance between crystal planes.
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furnace. In this study‚ induction stress relieving is compared with the conventional method for plain carbon steels. Technical comparison between the two methods is conducted by mechanical properties measurement and residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction method. Introduction: Residual stress is a macroscopic stress that is set up within a metal during non-uniform plastic deformation‚ as in cold drawing or thermal gradients‚ as in quenching or welding. Up to 45% area reduction is employed
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3.1 & 3.2 Chemistry Notes Dalton * In 1805‚ John Dalton reintroduced the idea to explain 3 fundamental principles Experimental Work * Atoms of different elements have different properties * Law of definite proportion and multiple compositions: atoms of 2 or more elements can combine in a fixed ratio to form new substances depending on their combining capacities (eg. H2O vs H2O2) * Law of conservation of mass: atoms cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
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challenging because engineering alloys tend to exhibit high melting temperatures. In the present research an embedding sequence was developed capable of embedding fiber sensors into parts made of metal alloys with high melting temperatures. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors were selected as the most promising sensor candidate. The embedded FBG sensors were characterized for temperature and strain measurements. The embedded FBG sensors in nickel and stainless steel provided high sensitivity‚ good accuracy
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A Contrast sensitivity test measures your ability to distinguish between finer and finer increments of light versus dark (contrast). This differs from common visual acuity testing in a routine eye exam‚ which measures your ability to recognize smaller and smaller letters on a standard eye chart. Contrast sensitivity is a very important measure of visual function‚ especially in situations of low light‚ fog or glare‚ when the contrast between objects and their background often is reduced. Driving at
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produce a diffraction pattern. If the crystal is pure enough and the diffraction pattern is developed very carefully‚ it is possible to reconstruct the positions of the atoms in the molecules that contain the basic unit of the crystal called the unit cell. By the early 1950s‚ scientists were just learning how to do this for biological molecules as complex as DNA. After discovering the existence of the A and B forms of DNA‚ Rosalind Franklin went on to achieve excellent X-ray diffraction patterns
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room temperature around 34C‚ the solubility was found to be 92.41 gm/50 ml. The FT-IR spectroscopy was performed on pure zinc sulphate crystals to identify the presence of functional groups. The grown crystals have been subjected to powder X-ray diffraction to determine the unit cell dimensions and the crystal structure. The lattice parameters are found to be‚ a = 9.9810 Å‚ b = 7.2500 Å and c = 24.2800 Å‚ respectively. The values were in good agreement with those of the reported values. The TGA and
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