extract the pigments from spinach leaves‚ perform Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) on the spinach leaf extract‚ and then determine the best solvent mixture to use to separate the pigments in the extract. The pigments are located inside the chloroplast walls in the cells of the spinach leaves. In order to obtain the pigments the cell walls must be broken down thus exposing the pigment containing chloroplasts. Upon adding a solvent mixture of hexane and acetone‚ the chlorophyll and carotene pigments can be
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faeces) Adaptations… - Suckers & hookers (attachment) - Body covering (immune responses) - Thick cuticle (inhibitory substances = enzymes) - Simple body systems (reproduction) - Very thin & large surface area (food absorbed over whole body surface = diffusion) - Male & female sex organs (gut can only accommodate 1 tapeworm) - Number of eggs produced (increase chance of survival) - Eggs have resistant shells (survive until eaten) Dormant embryos can form cysts in organs - damage surrounding tissue BY2
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BIO- FINAL EXAM REVEW SHEET This is a comprehensive review of material from exams 1-3. Please study your class notes/powerpoint slides and read the chapters listed in your syllabus to study for all new material. What are the characteristics of living organisms? Acquire and use energy Made up of other cells Process information Can replicate itself (can reproduce) Population evolves (they evolve) What are the characteristics of cells? Contain genetic information Can duplicate themselves
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mphibiaAmphibia Digestive System: 1. The digestive system of frog is mainly includes the food catching organs‚ the alimentary canal and the digestive glands. 2. In the alimentary canal the processes of mastication‚ digestion and absorption take place‚ while the digestive glands secrete certain enzymes which bring about the digestion of the ingested food. Alimentary canal: 1. The alimentary canal of the frog is essentially a colied tube of varyihng diameter that extends from one of
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Spinach Leaves The goal of the experiment was to determine if green light had less ability to absorb than red light in spinach leaves. This was done by separating the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a‚ chlorophyll b‚ carotene and xanthophylls) from one another using paper chromatography. The separated pigments were then analyzed for their absorption spectrum using a spectrographometer. When the data was graphed it clearly showed the higher rate of red light absorption over green light. These
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to determine which pigments in a plant support or effect photosynthesis‚ based on starch production‚ which wavelengths of light are involved in photosynthesis‚ and identify plant pigments found in a plant leaf by means of paper chromatography. Life on Earth is dependent entirely on the energy from the Sun‚ not only to keep the planet at a suitable temperature but also to provide the energy required to sustain life. The energy of the Sun‚ in the form of
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The evolutionary relationships among cyanobacteria‚ red algae‚ brown algae‚ green algae‚ and flowering plants‚ observed from the results their photosynthetic pigment patterns using thin layer chromatography technique Introduction Endosymbiosis is a process where unicellular organisms engulf other cells resulting a life form that one or both cells are dependent on each other (Campbell et al.‚ 2008). Strong evidence suggests that different types of photosynthetic cyanobacteria underwent endosymbiosis
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Plant Pigment Chromatography VII. Analysis (Questions) 1. What factors are involved in the separation of pigments? Factors that are involved in the separation of pigments can include pigment solubility‚ the attraction between the pigments and paper and the size of each pigment particle. Because of these factors the results were as they were. Beta-carotene traveled the furthest because it forms no hydrogen bonds to the chromatography paper and is slightly soluble in the solvent. Contrastingly
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please visit the Course Information sectionChlorophyll and Accessory Pigments A pigment is any substance that absorbs light. The color we see comes from the wavelengths of light that reflect. Chlorophyll‚ the green pigment common to all photosynthetic cells‚ absorbs all wavelengths of visible light except green. The green reflects back to our eyes. Black pigments absorb all of the visible wavelengths that strike them. White pigments reflect all or almost all of the wavelengths striking them. Each
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experiment the pigments will rise up the filter paper once exposed to the water (solvent). After the experiment‚ it concludes that the mixture is a homogeneous mixture due to the chemical values equaling out with one another. Date:Tuesday‚ January 14‚ 2014 Purpose:The purpose of this experiment is to discover the various pigments isolated in the Expo Markers and to determine if they are homogenous or heterogenous mixtures. Observations: Data: Marker Color # of pigments observed
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