Polymers are insoluble and therefore cannot be absorbed into our bloodstream and need to be assimilated into different absorptive products. Polymers have to be hydrolysed into smaller‚ soluble molecules. This process happens during the process of digestion. Food is broken down by mechanical or chemical means (Hydrolysis) and this process is aided by Enzymes. Enzymes are biological‚ process catalysing Proteins which massively speed up the breaking down of compound molecules into micromolecules to allow
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12 Experiment No. 12 Aim- To study the effects of temperature on the enzymatic activity of salivary amylase on substrates starch. Materials required- Test tubes‚ beakers‚ pipettes‚ funnels‚ thermometer‚ cotton‚ starch‚ iodine‚ potassium iodide‚ sodium chloride‚ thermocol box‚ buffer solution of pH 6.8 & match box. Principle- Salivary amylase is an amylolytic enzyme found in saliva released from salivary glands. All the enzymes show optimum enzymatic activity around 37° C which is our body temperature
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proteins (SGLT) in membrane help absorb glucose & galactose Fructose absorbed by facilitated diffusion then converted to glucose inside the cell Protein Digestion & Absorption Pepsin has optimal pH of 1.5 to 3.5 -- inactivated when passes into duodenum & mixes with alkaline pancreatic juice (pH 8) Pancreatic enzymes take over protein digestion by hydrolyzing polypeptides into shorter oligopeptides Brush border enzymes finish the task producing amino acids that are absorbed into the intestinal epithelial
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May 2011 10:53 Reptiles & Amphibians = swallow food whole Mammals = cut up and chew (palate separates nasal cavity & mouth - kept in mouth longer) Carnivore = short gut (easily digest protein) Herbivore = long gut (plant digestion difficult) Dentition Mechanical digestion = easier to swallow & increases surface area for enzyme action Herbivore Incisors Canines Lower jaw‚ cuts against horny pad (upper jaw) Indistinguishable from incisors Carnivore Sharp (tear flesh from bone) Large‚ curved‚
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explains that only one substrate (they key) will fit into the active site (lock). The induced fit hypothesis is when the active site changes shape so that the enzyme moulds itself around the substrate. A simple example of the importance of enzymes in digestion is lactose- intolerance. Lactose is a sugar found in milk‚ and is digested by an enzyme found in the intestines called lactase. A lack of this enzyme can result in lactose- intolerance‚ whereby the undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria causing
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Iodine is a test for starch while Benedict’s solution is a test for reducing sugars. When solution A is tested by benidicts test‚ the clear blue solution changed to a little reddish and brick red precipitate is formed.this result show that solution A is a reducing sugar. When carried out iodine test with solution A‚ the colourless solution remain unchanged . this tell us that starch is absent is solution A. When solution B is tested with Benedicts test‚ the clear blue solution remain unchanged‚ we
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following enzymes is found in the mouth? A) lactase B) maltase C) pancreatic amylase D) salivary amylase 10. Which enzyme digests carbohydrates in the stomach? A) salivary amylase B) pancreatic amylase C) amylose D) None‚ carbohydrates are not digested in the stomach. 11. In the absence of carbohydrate‚ ________ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat. A) amyloses B) amylases C) ketones D) bacteria 12. Which of the following is associated with the development
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heavy-metal salts upon the activity of salivary amylase. Results: A. Enzyme Concentration Test tube | Drops of Enzyme | A-1 Starting Time | A-2Time Blue Color Fades | A-3Time for Starch Hydrolysis | 1 | 1 | 9:07 am | 9:42 am | 35 minutes | 2 | 5 | 9:07 am | 9:37 am | 30 minutes | 3 | 10 | 9:08 am | 9:33 am | 25 minutes | 4 | 15 | 9:08 am | 9:28 am | 20 minutes | 5 | 30 | 9:09 am | 9: 24 am | 15 minutes | Figure 1: Enzyme Activity (Time for Starch Hydrolysis) vs. Enzyme Concentration
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precipitate. Starch give positive result in Iodine test as the colour of solution change from yellow to dark blue. Glucose is the simplest carbohydrates that are monosaccharide or simple sugar. Starch consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic linkage and known as polysaccharide‚ that is polymers of sugar. Saliva that contains salivary amylase enzyme‚ which breaks down the glycosidic linkage between glucose that found in starch and hydrolyzes starch into glucose
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Concentration on the Activity of Amylase Title Influence of Concentration on the Activity of Amylase Abstract Does more or less concentration speed up the reaction rate of amylase in starch? In this experiment diluted solutions of amylase were created and then tested using a starch solution‚ I2KI for reaction times. The answer to the question was proved to be that more concentration of amylase speeds up the reaction time. Introduction The enzyme‚ amylase is found in the saliva of most
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