Chapter 7: Carbohydrates I. Carbohydrates A. Most abundant organic molecule in nature a) 3 major classes: Monosaccharides – simple sugar – polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone; represent individual sugar Oligosaccharides – consist of short chains of monosaccharide units joined together by covalent bonds; 2-10 strings of sugar Polysaccharides – long chains having hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units b) Functions: Provide energy thru oxidation – glucose oxidized for energy Supply carbon
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Option F: Microbes and Biotechnology Diversity of Microbe F.1.1 Outline the classification of living organisms into three domains. Three domains of living organisms: 1. Archaea - very primitive; live in extreme habitats 2. Eubacteria - more advanced 3. Eukaryota - all life forms with eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus) Use of ribosomal RNA sequences for classification rRNA is found in all cells rRNA is easy to isolate Analyzed to determine the exact sequence of nucleotide bases
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ethanol which is very important in many fields such as biofuel‚ industrial‚pharmaceutical and others. Amylase is an enzyme that break down starch/amylose in plants. Corn kernel contains starch‚ sugars and cellulose. This experiment focused on the effect of amylase on corn extract in respect to the rate of fermentation. Since amylase breaks down starch‚ the part of corn that contains the most starch should have the fastest rate of fermentation and the greatest amount of CO2 produced. Strength In our
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room temperatures)‚ the experiment may start. The amylase and starch solutions should be checked in order to test their pH values and be sure they are the precise and correct pH needed for the experiment. If desired‚ the pH values can be measured using pH strips. Add around 2cm3 of amylase solution into a 10cm3 measuring cylinder. After precisely reaching 2cm3 of amylase‚ the solution is to be poured into test tubes 1-5 of group 1. 2cm3 of starch solution should be poured in test tubes 1-5 of group
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with the enzyme amylase. This enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing starch. In the presence of amylase‚ a sample of starch will be hydrolyzed to shorter polysaccharides‚ dextrins‚ maltose‚ and glucose. The extent of the hydrolysis depends on how long it is allowed to react – if the starch is hydrolyzed completely‚ the resulting product is glucose. You will test for the presence or absence of starch in the solutions using iodine (I2). Iodine forms a blue to black complex with starch‚ but does not
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Chapter 22: Nutrition and Digestion Short-Answer Questions 1) What types of foods are characteristic of the diets of carnivores‚ herbivores‚ and omnivores? Answer Carnivores – have a diet that consists of meat which they get by killing and consuming other living animals‚ other animals that have died‚ or by sucking the fluids of other animals. Herbivores – have a diet that consists of eating parts of plants such as leaves‚ fruit‚ stems‚ roots‚ or by extracting fluids from plants and consuming
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Lab 7 – Cellular Respiration Objectives: • To be able to define cellular respiration and fermentation. • To give the overall balanced equations for aerobic respiration and alcoholic fermentation. • To distinguish between inputs‚ products‚ and efficiency of aerobic respiration and those of fermentation. • Understand the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis. Note: You should perform experiments as described in this handout‚ which are adapted from Starr and
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Plastic(Dependent Variable) | 1 Rod‚ Stirring rod – Glass(Dependent Variable) | 1 Sudan III - 2 mL in Glass Vial(Dependent Variable) | 1 Masking Tape(Independent Variable) | 5 Plastic Jars(Independent Variable) | 1 Dissection Kit(Dependent Variable) | 1 Starch Solution‚ 1% Stabilized - 60 mL inDropper
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Biology Exam 2013 - Review UNIT: PATERNS OF INHERITENCE Describe Mendel’s experiments: * Chose a female parent; chooses a male parent; pollen is collected from the stamens and dusted onto the female parent stigma; pollen fertilizes the eggs. The ovary develops into the pod and eggs develop into the peas; when peas are planted they develop into pea plants. Why Pea Plants? * Easily obtained * Grown quickly; several generation of peas can be observed * Traits are easily visible
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Effect of different temperatures on the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction I will place starch and amylase into five water baths which are at different temperatures‚ and record the time it takes to break down the starch in the solution. Independent variables The independent variable is what I am going to change in my experiment. In this case it is the temperature of the water in the five water baths- 10‚ 25‚ 40‚ 55‚ 70 degrees Celsius Dependant variable This is what will stay the
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