Extraction of Aluminium Aluminium ore is called bauxite. Bauxite contains aluminium oxide‚ water‚ iron oxide and other impurities. The purified dry ore‚ called alumina‚ is aluminium oxide (Al2O3). The alumina must be molten for electrolysis to work‚ since the ions are not free to move in the solid state. Unfortunately‚ alumina has a high melting point (2040 °C) and it is not practical to do electrolysis at such a high temperature. In the middle of the nineteenth century it was found that alumina
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2KOH HCl + KOH K2SO 4 + 2H2O; KCl + H2 O Now‚ 5 mol of H2SO 4 require KOH = 2.5 mol Total KOH required = 10 + 2.5 = 12.5 mol. Question 2 Two acids H2SO4 and H3PO4 are neutralized separately by the same amount of an alkali when sulphate and dihydrogen orthophosphate are formed respectively. Find the ratio of masses of H2SO4 and H3PO4 [at mass P = 31] Ans. H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na 2SO4 + 2H2O H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O Equivalent of alkali = 1 g equivalent of H2SO4 = 1 g equivalent
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released during volcanic eruptions. Nitrogen oxides are produced from vehicles as well as stationary fossil fuel combustion. Some is also released through lightning and forest fires.Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion of most matter. Vehicle exhaust and many other combustion process produce Carbon monoxide. It is also a indoor pollutant when exhaust systems on natural gas heaters misfunction. Carbon dioxide is produced from complete combustion of most matter such as biomass and fossil fuels
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Classification of Air pollution • Primary air pollutants: Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually‚ primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a process‚ such as ash from a volcanic eruption‚ the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories. Primary Air pollutants Sulfur Oxides (SOx) - Especially sulfur dioxide‚ a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial
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solid particles‚ liquid droplets‚ or gases. They could be natural or man-made. Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondary. Substances which are directly emitted due to certain processes like ash from a volcanic eruption‚ or carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories- are primary pollutants. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. They form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. One example is ground level ozone
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According to the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)‚ there are six major causes of air pollution in the United States. These are ground-level ozone‚ particulate matter‚ lead‚ sulfur dioxide‚ nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. While most people have heard of carbon monoxide‚ lead and particulate matter‚ they might be surprised to learn that the primary source of air pollution today is ground-level ozone. Unlike the natural ozone layer that surrounds the earth and helps regulate temperature
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Centre for Science and Environment (2002). State of India’s environment - The Citizens’ Fifth Report‚ Part I: National overview. CSE‚ New Delhi‚ 440. Chen‚ R.‚ Pan‚ G.‚ Zhang‚ Y.‚ Xu‚ Q.‚ Zeng‚ G.‚ Xu‚ X.‚ Chen‚ B. and Kan‚ H. (2011). Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality in three cities: The China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study (CAPES). Science of The Total Environment‚ 409‚ 4923-4928. Efe‚ S. I (2008). Spatial distribution of particulate air pollution in Nigerian cities: implications
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ill effect decides undesirable aesthetic and physiological effects. The main pollutants contributed by automobiles‚ electric power generating stations‚ industrial and domestic fuel consumption‚ refuse burning‚ industrial processing etc. are carbon monoxide (CO)‚ unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC)‚ oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. An aqua silencer is an attempt mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. The noise and smoke level is considerably less than the conventional silencer‚ it is cheaper‚
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Alcantar University of Phoenix Kieste Mayfield October 24‚ 2010 Automobiles as well as other mobile vehicles are one of the largest contributors to polluting our air on a daily basis. While these vehicles produce green house gases such as carbon monoxide‚ they are also contaminating the air with many other air pollutants and air toxins. By finding alternative fuel sources will be one of the solutions to curb the emissions that produce the pollutions. As smaller cities grow larger in human population
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