In cultural anthropology and sociology‚ reciprocity refers to non-market exchange of goods and labour; that is‚ "gift economic systems". It is the basis of most non-market economies. The concept was key to the debate between early anthropologists Bronislaw Malinowski and Marcel Mauss on the meaning of "Kula exchange" in the Trobriand Islands off Papua New Guinea during the First World War.[1] Malinowski used Kula exchange to demonstrate the apparently random gift-giving was in fact a key political
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In his selection titled‚ “Introduction: Partial Truths‚” James Clifford asserts that ethnographies present “Partial truths” and‚ as such‚ are not entirely valid. According to Clifford‚ “Even the best ethnographic texts - serious‚ true fictions - are systems‚ or economies‚ of truth. Power and history work through them‚ in ways their authors cannot fully control” (p. 7). Due to these historical constraints‚ it is impossible for anthropologists to assert the ‘full’ truths about a culture and confidently
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of archaic cosmology alongside their transcendental assertions. Nonetheless‚ relative to earlier forms the historic religions are all universalistic. From the point of view of these religions a man is no longer defined chiefly in terms of what tribe or clan he comes from or what particular god he serves but rather as a being capable of salvation. That is to say that it is for the first time possible to conceive of man as such. Religious action in the historic
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them. The third reason is The Murahiliin soldiers devalue the S.P.L.A. For each of the reasons I will give two examples. For my first reason Alepho gives a part of his life on page 33‚ which is about Deng the slave. The Murahiliin attack the Dinka village‚ that was when Deng was taken away. Deng came back years later older and the town did’t recognize him because he got older. The master made him take care of the cattle and then do housework. Deng even got weak and thin. Another example is when
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barn and found someone else and saw that the person was the same tribe as him. The girl said to him “You must be hungry”. She stood and went into the house. A few moments later‚ she came out and gave him two handfuls of raw peanuts. Salva asked the women if he could stay with her until the fighting had stopped and then go and find his parents. The women was fine with it. CHAPTER 4 The women then took Salva to a place filled with Dinka people and Salva started to wonder if his family could be among
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the schism with Sudan were shown‚ though‚ in time‚ and fighting began again. South Sudan’s current state of affairs is seen as a civil war yet again. Much of the political climate is affecting the whole country and not just Juba. President Kiir‚ a Dinka‚ which is the largest ethnic group in South Sudan‚ and Vice President Machar‚ a Nuer‚ which is the second largest‚ were at odds‚ until their struggling resulted in the president firing Machar and the rest of the cabinet‚ suspecting a coup on his life
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The challenge this week was related to the good ol’ standardized testing. This year I was assigned to test the group of students that are placed in the class of newcomers‚ as in having been in the school for 2 months or less. Oh my! These students have never participated in a standardized test‚ so it was not only their first experience on a multi-hour test‚ but also at the same time it was my first experience testing brand new students in the school. Challenges went from bubbling all the answers
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Media and peace Building in the Era of Globalisation By: Hyat Ahmed Abdelamalik Mohamed: MPhil Student at Swansea University‚ Department of Politics and Culture Studies‚ Media and Communications; December 2012: in ICD conference Berlin This paper draws on research into the reporting of war in Darfur in three media systems. It examines the extent to which globalisation has enhanced the capacity of journalism and the media to build peace and harmony in the modern world. Globalisation is changing
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lead the cows outside‚ cleaning the floor and cooking while the males go hunting and protect the cattle which are very different than my usual chores such as cleaning my room and taking out the trash. On page 10‚ it states “My brother and some other Dinka boys saw what happened and tried to chase the lions away. They ran at the lions and threw sticks to drive them
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Recent Scandals involving aid agencies The recent scandal in Chad involving European nationals allegedly in a scheme to abduct young African children under the pretext of medical emergency and to take them to Europe ostensibly to save them from the scourge of civil wars in Darfur and Chad so that the children would have a better life‚ has certainly put a searchlight on humanitarianism and on how Western non-governmental organizations (NGOs) operate in Africa. The scandal raises in particular
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