The status that cannot be operated by direct instructions is a) Cy b) Z c) P d) AC 4) The number of software interrupts in 8085 is… a) 5 b) 8 c) 9 d) 10 5) Identify the non maskabe interrupt in the following a) RST4.5 b) RST5.5 c) RST6.5 d) RST 7.5 6) If the contents of SP are 1000H‚ the content of B and C registers after PUSH B instruction are... a)0FFFH
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Introduction to 8085 programming model Introduction to 8085 instruction set All computers are based on the Turing Machine concept • In 1937‚ Alan Turing described this abstract idea of a computer • Turing Machines consist of: – A tape of infinite length with symbols printed in cells – A read-write head that can move along the tape to read and write symbols – A state from a finite set stored inside the machine – A finite set of instructions that translate the current state and the read symbol
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Differentiated Instruction “What Is a Differentiated Classroom?” is the title of the first chapter of our course text. Below the title is a quote from Seymour Sarason’s “The Predictable Failure of Educational Reform.” The quote states: “A different way to learn is what the kids are calling for ….All of them are talking about how our
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Probability Stop Production (A) 0.75*$60m = -$45m 28% Continue Production (B) $30m - $60m = -$30m 28% $3.9m B 0.3 Disappointment 0.7 Morgan Directs (C) $35m -$60m = -$25m 13% -30 28 $3.48m D Produce Movie $26.5m A 0.6 On Schedule 0.2 Blockbuster (D) $180m-$60m = $120m 8% -25 41 0.5 Hit (E) $80m-$60m = $20m 21% -5 15% 10 15% 71 56 $2.5m C 0.3 McManus Directs 0.5 Hit (F) $45m-$35m = $10m 0.5 Modest Disappointment (G) $30m-$35m = -$5m 20 92 120 HBO Box Office 100 100% (H) $3m (A) EMV
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Microarchitecture Level IJVM Mic-1‚ instructions set architecture and control flow. Speeding up the Mic-1 architecture (Mic-1 to Mic-4): Multiple internal busses‚ instruction fetch unit (IFU)‚ instruction prefetching‚ pipelining‚ etc. Other Means to Improve Performance: Cache‚ Branch Predication (Static and Dynamic)‚ Out-of-order Execution‚ Register Renaming‚ Speculative Execution‚ etc. Application of improvements in Pentium class architectures Chap. 5 The Instruction Set Architecture Level Programmer’s
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hierarchy Chips & Logic Gates Electrical Engineering Physics Elements of Computing Systems 2 Machine Language (Ch. 4) Copyright © Shimon Schocken Machine language is “the soul of the machine” Duality: Machine language ( = instruction set) can be viewed as an abstract description of the hardware platform The hardware can be viewed as a means for realizing an abstract machine language Another duality: Binary version Symbolic version Loose definition: Machine language = an agreed
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that ▪ Manage the transfer of information within a computer as well as between the computer and its I/O devices. ▪ Specify the arithmetic and logic operations to be performed. To execute a program‚ the processor fetches the instructions one after another‚ and performs the desired operations. The processor accepts only the machine language program. To get the machine language program‚ Complier is used. Note: Compiler is software (Translator) which converts the High Level
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tests. The branch instruction performs a test on a branch condition. If the test succeeds‚ the PC is modified‚ but the modification does not take effect immediately. This delayed branch allows one or more instructions following the branch to be executed in the pipeline whether the branch is taken or not. In the MIPS CPU‚ the branch operation is delayed by one instruction. The MAL assembler hides the delayed branch by inserting an instruction after each branch or jump. The instruction following a branch
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Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design Rung-Bin Lin 1-1 Definition • Computer Architecture deals with Structure and behaviour of computer including the information formats‚ the instruction sets and various techniques used for memory addressing. • Can be defined as functional operation of individual hardware units‚ the flow of information between them and conrol of these functions coherently and smoothly Chapter 1: Fundamental of Computer Design Rung-Bin Lin 1-2 Chapter
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Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment: An Analytical Look at their Determinants‚ Characteristics‚ Costs and Benefits for Host and Investing Countries. As Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in recent decades‚ the issues of FDI have attracted strongly scholarly interest. First of all‚ FDI is defined as an investment in one economy by a multinational or transnational corporation based in other country. It involves a long-term relationship and either
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