COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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Cost Theory in Economics A central economic concept is that getting something requires giving up something else. For example‚ earning more money may require working more hours‚ which costs more leisure time. Economists use cost theory to provide a framework for understanding how individuals and firms allocate resources in such a way that keeps costs low and benefits high. 1. Function * Economists view costs as what an individual or firm must give up to get something else. Opening a
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The Costs of Production Production and Costs Costs in the Short Run Fixed Costs Implicit Costs Explicit Costs Variable Costs Average Costs Marginal Costs The Symmetry Between Production and Costs Total Product and Total Cost Curves Geometry of Average and Marginal Costs Curves Average Physical Product and Average Variable Costs Marginal Physical Product and Marginal Cost Costs in the Long Run Isocost Lines Cost Minimization The Expansion Path and the Long Run Total Cost Curve Average Cost and
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COST SHEET – FORMAT |Particulars |Amount |Amount | |Opening Stock of Raw Material | *** | | |Add: Purchase of Raw materials |*** | | |Add: Purchase Expenses
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manufacturing or trading‚ require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution‚ when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age‚ most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern
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the books of a Company Cost Sheet for the period ended…….. Units Produced….. Name of the product unit sold…. Particulars Total cost Rs. Unit Cost Rs. Opening stock raw materials Add Purchases of Raw Materials Add: Expenses on Purchases of Raw Materials (octroi & duty) Less: Closing stock of raw materials Less: Sale of scrap or defectives of raw materials = Cost of materials consumed Add: Productive Labour Add: Outstanding wages Add: Direct Expenses( architect’s fees)
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Chapter 14 - Operational Performance Measurement: Sales and Direct-Cost Variances‚ and the Role of Nonfinancial Performance Measures 14-1 Pet Groom & Clean (PG&C) David Green is considering his operating statement for 2010‚ which is displayed in the table below. David is the manager of store number 88‚ where he began as one of the staff 6 years ago‚ and through hard work has risen to become manager of the store. The operating report shows his budgeted performance for the year and the actual results
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done this assignment. The purpose of this assignment is to gather practical experience. By this assignment one can know about the costing system of a company. How a company manages their cost‚ whether they follow the accounting system or not- to know this‚ is the prime objective of this assignment. By gathering the cost information of a company one can analyze it and also can give suggestions to improve their costing system for more profit. Figure: Objectives of the assignment
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of thefour possible $1 price changes. What can you conclude about the relationship between the slope of a curve and its elasticity? Explain in a nontechnical way why demand iselastic in the northwest segment of the demand curve and inelastic in the southeast segment. Product Price Quality Demanded $5 1 Vb 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5 Answer: 1/1.5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following page
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