Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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LAB 2 1.Identify the functional group or molecule for each of the following. (3 points) a.COOH temp b.COH temp c.COH temp 2.List whether each of the following substances was positive or negative for reducing sugar‚ as indicated by the Benedict’s test. (6 points) a.corn syrup (1 point) b.table sugar (1 point) c.unknown 1 (1 point) d.unknown 2 (1 point) e.unknown 3 (1 point) f.unknown 4 (1 point) 3.List whether each of the following substances was positive or negative for starch‚ as
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Introduction The Digestive system breaks down the ingested food into absorbable forms of nutrients and absorbs nutrients‚ ions and water from the external environment of the body. It is designed to maximize digestion and absorption. The functional structures of the digestive system are the passage‚ the glands like salivary glands‚ gastric glands‚ pancreatic‚ intestinal glands and liver. Also‚ the four layers of the digestive system are mucosa‚ submucosa‚ muscularis and serosa. The digestive system
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Mechanical digestions starts from the intake of food into the mouth and when the food is chewed and while the food is broken down until it becomes small to be swallowed. Then the food goes down as a food bolus into the esophagus after the food is broken down. The food bolus passes through the alimentary canal through peristaltic movements. Peristaltic movements is a systematic series of muscle contractions and relaxation which involves the passage of food bolus through the esophagus‚ stomach‚ small
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3 Yeast Metabolism Metabolism refers to the biochemical assimilation (in anabolic pathways) and dissimilation (in catabolic pathways) of nutrients by a cell. Like in other organisms‚ in yeast these processes are mediated by enzymic reactions‚ and regulation of the underlying pathways have been studied in great detail in yeast. Anabolic pathways include reductive processes leading to the production of new cellular material‚ while catabolic pathways are oxidative processes which remove electrons
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Cellular respiration is defined as an enzyme mediated process in which organic compounds such as glucose is broken down into simpler products with the release of energy (Duka‚ Diaz and Villa‚ 2009). It is a series of metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction reactions. Oxidation of substrates‚ such as glucose‚ is a fundamental part of cellular respiration (Mader‚ 2009). As a catabolic process‚ it may or may not require the presence of oxygen. The process that requires oxygen is called aerobic
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common senses Flavors‚ aromas‚ and chemical signals released from animals can make the mouth water‚ evoke vivid memories‚ and perhaps even signal stress or fertility. How does the brain sort it all out? Salt! &! Sugar" 1 Salt " • Table Salt – Sodium Chloride (may include • Kosher Salt – Large grain salt (sodium • Sea Salt – mixture of salts found in common sea water" chloride)" some additives like Iodine)" Salt substitutes " Salt substitutes are low-sodium table salt alternatives
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Biology 12 Introduction to Biochemistry Study Guide Kiki Dhaliwal Period: 7 September. 19/2013 10. Atom: Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of that element. 11. See page 12. a) Ionic bonds are chemical bonds in which ions are attracted to each other by opposite charges. b) Covalent bonds are chemical bonds in which atoms share one pair of electrons. c) Hydrogen bonds are weak that aries between a slightly positive
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glucose‚ sucrose‚ and lactose. Glucose is a monosaccharide and is used in the first step of glycolysis in order to help create pyruvates‚ which are then used to create ethanol as long as there is no mitochondria or oxygen present. Sucrose is a disaccharide‚ commonly referred to as sugar‚ it’s used worldwide‚ and mainly harvested from sugarcanes. Sucrose is composed of two
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atom and one oxygen atom. They are necessary for the body to function properly because they provide the fuel that burns to produce energy. Carbohydrates come in the class of either a monosaccharide‚ disaccharide‚ or polysaccharide. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of a carbohydrate‚ disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides and‚ polysaccharides are made up of three or more monosaccharides. Common foods we consume contain each of these classes of carbohydrates. Milk and fruit contain natural
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