Research” Accounting & Business Research Winter86‚ Vol. 17 Issue 65‚ p21-32. Onsi‚ M. (1973) “Factor Analysis of Behavioral Variables Affecting Budgetary Slack” Accounting Review Jul73‚ Vol. 48 Issue 3‚ p535-548 Otley‚ D.T Prendergast‚ P. (1997) “Budget padding: Is it a job for the finance police?” Management Accounting: Magazine for Chartered Management Accountants Nov97‚ Vol. 75 Issue 10‚ p44 Public Bank (2002)‚ Annual Report 2002 Public Bank (2003)‚ Annual Report 2003. Available: http://ww2.publicbank
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CITY OF NEW ORLEANS 2013 Budget Proposal October 29th‚ 2012 10/29/2012 Mayor’s Office of Communications 2013 Budget Presentation • Background • Performance Management/Review of Improvements • 2013 Budget Proposal 2 2013 Budget Proposal Funding Cuts at the State and Federal level are posing significant budgeting challenges for municipalities across the U.S. ● Nearly 48% of cities plan to reduce workforce this year ● Los Angeles predicts over 200 City jobs will be eliminated due to budgetary
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are Px = $15 and Py = $5. a. Draw the budget constraint. i.e provide a carefully labeled diagram b. What is the market rate of substitution? Give an interpretation. c. Illustrate the consumer’s opportunity set in part a) above. d. Show how the consumer’s opportunity set changes if income increases by $300. e. Does the increase of income by $300 in part d) above alter the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y? Answer: a. The total budget is $300. Px and Py are used to stand for
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The sales budget is a conservative estimate on the estimated size of the sales‚ mainly used for the purchase‚ production and cash flow decisions. Clearly‚ the marketing budget should not only consider sales forecasts‚ but also to avoid excessive risk‚ general sales budget should be slightly lower than the corporate predictive value. Sales budget is usually the starting point of production and operation of comprehensive budget preparation‚ production‚ material procurement‚ inventory costs and other
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The annual budget is prepared by the Ministry of Finance and presented to Parliament for approval each year‚ except during periods of martial law‚ when the budget has been announced by the martial law administration. It is divided into a revenue budget and a development budget‚ on both the receipts and the expenditures sides. The revenue budget pays for the normal functioning of the government and is intended to be fully financed from domestically generated sources. The fiscal year (FY--see Glossary)
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Disadvantage: Cost * While newspaper advertising is cost-efficient‚ magazine advertising can be costly depending on the popularity of the magazine‚ its history‚ readership‚ frequency and production costs. Smaller publications that are unable to garner the attention of large brands may offer lower advertising rates. Since print advertising prices vary‚ companies offer databases which provide businesses with advertising rates‚ contact information and advertising schedules for major and niche print
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THE BUDGET What is Budget? The Annual Financial Statement or the Statement of the Estimated Receipts and Expenditure of theGovernment of India in respect of each financial year is popularly known as the Budget. Presentation of Budget 2. The Budget is presented to Lok Sabha in two parts‚ namely‚ the Railway Budget pertaining to Railway Finance and the General Budget which gives an overall picture of the financial position of the Government of India‚ excluding the Railways. 3. The Budget is presented
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It is potential to balance the budget‚ which means there is neither budget deficit or budget surplus. In other words‚ revenue and expenditure should reach parity during a complete business cycle. Additionally‚ it is also important for The Federal government to concern yearly about budget deficit‚ when revenues are less than expenditures‚ because if deficits are not paid off and happen again and again‚ the government will accumulate debt. There are some arguments around this topic such as the conservative
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Education vs. Budget Cuts When I think of education‚ I think of how great it is and how far it can take us. Education is just as important as history. You know how they say if you don’t know your history you don’t know where you come from? Well‚ same goes for education‚ if you don’t have education you can’t go very far in life. These days‚ if you don’t have a college education it’s hard to find a good paying job because just having a high school diploma or a GED isn’t enough. Austin Bureau
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Advantages and Disadvantages on Globalization The advantages and disadvantages of customizing products can be summarized as following points. Advantages: 1. Innovation ideas‚ which are suitable to adapt changeable customers’ preferences. With the development of technology‚ customers preferences are always updated due to global information transmit. Global Managers are capable to create more inventive products to keep and expand global markets. 2. Localization‚ which can avoid cultural conflict
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