MARGINAL COSTING Introduction Even a school-going student knows that profit is a balancing figure of sales over costs‚ i.e. Sales - Cost = Profit. This knowledge is not sufficient for management for discharging the functions of planning and control‚ etc. The cost is further divided according to its behavior‚ i.e.‚ fixed cost and variable cost. The age-old equation can be written as: Sales - Cost = Profit or Sales - (Fixed cost + Variable Cost) = Profit. The relevance of segregating costs
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Process costing Process costing is a system which mostly practices by a company whereby the manager of the company wants to know the cash flow from one department to another. Process costing give a clarify information to managers‚ therefore this activities is very important. Process costing is consisting of three ingredients which are direct materials‚ direct labor and manufacturing overhead. Direct material is the raw material which needs to produce a product‚ for example rubber for shoes‚
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Normal costing is used to value manufactured products with the actual materials costs‚ the actual direct labor costs‚ and manufacturing overhead based on a predetermined manufacturing overhead rate. These three costs are referred to as product costs and are used for the cost of goods sold and for inventory valuation. Standard costing values its manufactured products with a predetermined materials cost‚ a predetermined direct labor cost‚ and a predetermined manufacturing overhead cost. These standard
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Product Identification Costing Sheet I have a dish of grilled lamb chops with tomatoes and olives‚ honey lime carrots‚ and roasted red potatoes with garlic and rosemary. After costing out every item in the recipe I got a subtotal of $104.56. Once I introduced a Q-factor of 3% into the costing‚ I came up with a subtotal with Q-factor of $107.70. My yield of the dishes is 10 plates‚ so taking the subtotal with a Q-factor and dividing it by 10‚ makes it $10.77 per dish‚ then add in a dollar for extra
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Absorption Costing vs. Variable (Direct) Costing Absorption cost systems are widely used to prepare financial accounts. These systems are designed to absorb all production costs (variable or fixed) into costs of units produced. Absorption costs techniques allow manufacturing costs to be traced and allocated into product costs. There are different types of absorption costing systems: job order costing‚ process costing‚ and ABC costing. In job order costing‚ costs are assigned to products in batches
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1. Cost of Production Report: A company’s Department 2 costs for June were: Cost from Department 1 Cost added in Department 2: Materials Labor Factory overhead (FOH) $16320 43‚415 56‚100 58‚575 The quantity schedule shows 12‚000 units were received during the month from Department 1; 7‚000 units were transferred to finished goods; and 5‚000 units in process at the end of June were 50% complete as to materials cost and 25% complete as to conversion cost. Required: Prepare Cost of production report
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Absorption costing: * It is costing system which treats all manufacturing costs including both the fixed and variable costs as product costs * In absorption costing‚ all costs are absorbed into production and thus operating statements do not distinguish between fixed and variable costs. * Absorption costing is a process of tracing the variable costs of production and the fixed costs of production to the product. Absorption costing is used to cost products and to report financial
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and gas‚ utilities‚ and mining arenas‚ Hard Dollar’s software focuses on project management‚ including costs. AspenTech delivers a view for the front-end engineering process prior to the CAD/BIM stage. Engineered or project industries: Engineer-to-order and project industries have long needed cost-estimating tools for sales quoting. One such tool comes from Micro Estimating Systems‚ which uses metalworking standards to calculate costs. PRICE Systems’ TruePlanning for A&D and government projects not
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In this assignment‚ we would like to take an opportunity to send our appreciation to the college due to a proper syllabus and good environment have been provided. Next‚ we would like to thank our Costing and Pricing lecturer‚ Mr.Balan for his generous help. We believe that we cannot create an excellent assignment without his advice and help. At the same time‚ we would like to express our thanks to those who helped us to carry this assignment successfully. Thank you very much
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Differential Costing Introduction Costs are an important feature of many business decisions. In making decisions‚ it is essential to have a firm grasp of the concepts differential cost. Decisions involve choosing between alternatives. In business decisions‚ each alternative will have costs and benefits that must be compared to the costs and benefits of the other available alternatives. A difference in costs between any two alternatives is known as a differential cost. A difference in revenues
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