Bagranoff and Henry article‚ cited in footnote 3‚ and the list of GAS in the Sayana article‚ cited in footnote 1. Experts say that generalized audit software (GAS) is the most common computer-assisted audit tool (CAAT) used in recent years. There are many reasons today for IT auditors to use a GAS‚ but to quote an article from this Journal‚ "Performing audits without using information technology is hardly an option."1 This article will inform IT auditors of the profitable return on learning and using
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procurement audit. Source: David Farmer etal 1972‚ Procurement principles and Practices On the African scope‚ procurement audit is done according to international conventions governing different international entities but the principles followed are almost similar. Gerald Mabveka (1987) of the University of Boston and Director of Public procurement in Malawi in his journal Business and Creative Technologies gives the general definition of audit as an evaluation
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Post completion audit aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the capital budgeting decision that the management has implemented. It compares between the planned and the actual outcome‚ costs and the use of resources‚ results and benefits. It contains all assumptions that were made during the decision-making period. It is one of the ongoing continuous processes through which the organisation learns and improves. Recent research suggests that capital budgeting involves far more than
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external financial statement audits. 1. What is the purpose of a financial statement audit? a. To confirm the accuracy of management’s financial statements. b. To provide assurance that the audited entity is financially sound. c. To express an opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. d. To provide assurance that fraudulent activities have not occurred. 2. Information risk arises from which of the following situations? a. Adverse selection threats. b. Audit risk‚ inherent risk‚ control
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Disadvantages of Windmills Wind energy is one of the many renewable energy resources that provide cheap and efficient energy. Wind energy comes from wind turbines‚ similar to windmills‚ which use the wind to make electricity. This renewable energy resource is very affordable‚ clean‚ and it can never run out because the wind comes from the sun. But according to Selling the Wind by Michelle Nijhuis‚ “It’s well known that wind turbines kill both birds and bats‚ though exactly how often and why these
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Luxury stores audit Gucci and Celine stores‚ Russian experience Monaco 2012 INTRODUCTION Monaco is a small country‚ but well known all over the world. All over the world it is known as a place of luxury. Every year a lot of tourists visit Monaco to have a good vacation visiting casinos‚ luxury restaurants and off course to do a shopping in a most known‚ luxury brands. In Monaco you can find a lot of different luxury boutiques for every taste; you can find everything from luxury cars to a
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is an armed conflict between two or more groups which attack each other. Although the meaning of wars has changed‚ the importance of wars hasn’t changed. The wars have many disadvantages for people‚ such as‚ economic depression‚ environmental problems and conflict in social structure. One of the main disadvantages of wars is economic depression. Cost of wars is very high because guns and war machines are very expensive. During the war a lot of guns and war machines are used and many of
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2.4 The advantages of budgets 6 2.5 The disadvantages of budgets 7 2.6 Conclusion 8 Chapter 3 The relevance of budgets within Management and Control 10 3.1 Management control system 10 Management 10 Control 10 System 11 3.2 Budgeting within the Management control system 11 Chapter 4 Beyond Budgeting 13 4.1 The Beyond Budgeting concept 13 4.2 Advantages of Beyond Budgeting 14 4.3 Disadvantages of Beyond Budgeting 15 4.4 Differences between
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With the first round of HIPPA Audits behind us‚ the Office of Civil Rights (OCR) indicated back in March that it would finally launch the long-awaited round 2 of HIPAA audits in 2016. As we near October and the end of the ICD-10 grace period‚ physicians and practices should be prepared for a busy end to the year. The Audit Mandate As an extension of the HITECH Act‚ which became effective on February 18‚ 2009‚ the audit mandate exposed health care providers that must adhere to HIPAA regulations
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CHAPTER 17 COMPLETING THE AUDIT ENGAGEMENT Answers to Review Questions 17-1 A contingent liability is defined as an existing condition‚ situation‚ or set of circumstances involving uncertainty as to possible loss to an entity that ultimately will be resolved when some future event occurs or fails to occur. FASB ASC Topic 450‚ “Contingencies‚” classifies uncertainties into three categories: 1. Probable: The future event is likely to occur. 2. Reasonably possible: The chance of the future
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