SHORT-RUN TACTICAL DECISIONS The organizations strive to earn short-run profits. In making short-run decisions‚ not all cost and revenue data is relevant. The cost data relevant for decision-making is referred to as relevant costs and that which is not useful for decision-making is non-relevant costs. On the revenue side‚ the only relevant revenue is the incremental & differential revenue. Relevant and Non-Relevant Costs: 1. Future Costs and Sunk Costs (IR): A future cost is that cost yet
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competitive market faces a perfectly elastic demand curve at the price determined by equilibrium in the market (Hirschey 379). The firm in a short-run supply curve is the short-run marginal cost curve above the minimum point on the average variable cost curve‚ also known as the shutdown point. In the short run‚ firms behave differently than in the long-run. It is important to remember that a profit-maximizing firm always produces where marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue. When a firm is small
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Explain‚ with the help of a diagram‚ how a government can maintain a stable foreign exchange rate. [8] For a knowledge and understanding of the influence of supply and demand in setting the foreign exchange rate. Up to 4 marks For application showing how a government can maintain a foreign exchange rate through intervention in the foreign exchange market. Up to 4 marks (6 marks maximum if no diagram provided A fixed exchange rate‚ sometimes called a pegged exchange rate‚ is also referred to
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MEASURING SHORT RUN AND LONG RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GDP PER CAPITA AND CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA OF INDIA By Rizwan Mushtaq Under supervision of Mumtaz Ahmed ABSTRACT This study is based on examining the relationship between income and consumption series of India covering the period of 1980-2009. Data about certain indicators were obtained from the official web site of World Bank. In first step of data analysis appropriate ARMA model was determined using correlogram and information criteria as
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International trade Payment methods Payment Methods for International Trade * Prepayments: The goods will not be shipped until the buyer has paid the seller. * Time of payment: Before shipment * Goods available to buyers: After payment * Risk to exporter: None * Risk to importer: Relies completely on exporter to ship goods as ordered * Letter of Credit (L/C): These are issued by a bank on behalf of the importer promising to pay the exporter upon presentation of the shipping
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Counter Trade Definition: Reciprocal trade in which goods or services are exchanged not for cash but for other goods or services. A large part of the internet commerce comprises of local and international counter-trade Countertrade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for‚ in whole or part‚ with other goods or services‚ rather than with money. A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes. In dealings between sovereign states‚ the term bilateral
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Finance 400- International Finance Foreign markets can be very attractive to investors because indexes in various countries around the world have managed a double or triple digit return on investments. Investors realize these high returns and pursue to invest in foreign markets. There are different ways to invest in foreign markets. There are three main ways to invest in foreign markets‚ Exchange traded funds (ETF) or mutual funds‚ American Depositary Receipts (ADR)‚ and through multinational
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Foreign Policy Nathan Jaramillo 1/15/14 Foreign policy refers to relations carried on with other countries. There are various factors that influence foreign policy‚ such as economics. There are also various options a country can choose to deal with other countries such as war‚ as well as approaches to dealing with other countries such as isolationism. The current administration for the United States deals with all of these complex elements‚ plus it also deals with many issues in foreign affairs
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What is free trade? Many American’s have a broad and sometimes-false idea of what free trade actually is. Free trade “refers to the economic philosophy and practice of reducing barriers such as tariffs‚ taxes‚ subsidies and quotas so that raw materials‚ goods and services can move unhampered across national borders.” (68) Various options have arisen about whether or not free trade benefits developing counties or not. I believe that free trade is not favorable or helpful towards developing counties
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DEBATE: TRADE DEFICITS ARE BAD Position Statement: The trade deficit drains money from our economy‚ lowers our wages and forces us into an ever-lower standard of living. A trade deficit occurs when the total imports of goods and services are greater than the total exports of goods and services. The trade deficit not only drains the economy jobs‚ it sends essential pieces of our industrial ecosystems out of the country. And this means that it is sending our ability to make a living in the
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