Price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is often used for assessing the company’s stock price. P/E is determined by first calculating the earnings per shares (EPS)‚ which is the post-tax profits divides by the number of shares (Figure 1). Trailing P/E is equal to current market share price divided by trailing earnings per share for the past 12 months‚ whereas forward P/E is equal to current share price divided by expected earnings per shares for the next 12 months or next full-year fiscal period (http://www
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Project Earnings Manipulation: An Ethics Case Based on Agency Theory ABSTRACT: The impact of accounting information on ethical behavior has been extensively documented. Additionally‚ agency theory is a widely accepted behavioral perspective. Despite this‚ there is an absence of instructional material in the accounting education literature that ties ethical issues to an agency-theory context. The primary objective of this case is to highlight control system ethical issues using an agency-theory context
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sources of fund is known as cost of capital. Cost of capital is only minimum required rate of return to earn on investment and it is not the actual earning rate of the firm. Retained earnings‚ used as a part of the capital structure of a business firm‚ is that part of the earnings available to common shareholders not paid out as dividends or the earnings plowed back into the firm for growth. As such‚ their cost to the firm is an opportunity cost. In other words‚ they could have paid the money out as
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Abnormal Behavior A known psychological disorder is abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior is classified into four different categories. The characteristics of these categories consist of statistical deviance‚ cultural deviance‚ emotional distress‚ and dysfunction. Each behavior has specific characteristics as reasons for their classifications. Statistical deviance is sometimes wrongly classified such as being extremely intelligent or being a very good athlete. According to statistical deviance
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Chapter I-A Primer on Abnormality A. What is Abnormal Psychology? It is a branch of psychology which deals with psychopathology (mental disorders) and abnormal behavior. B. Why study abnormal psychology? Abnormal behavior is part of our common experience Lots of unanswered questions and complexities Preparation for future careers C. Why clarify the definition of mental disorder? Influences what is seen as pathological Influences explanation‚ classification and treatment Clarifies
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Looking back at the beginning of the summer‚ before I started this course on abnormal psychology‚ I thought I had a pretty good understanding on what this course would be about. I took AP introduction to psychology my senior year of high-school‚ therefore‚ I thought that that class would give me an overview of what this abnormal psychology class would be about. Originally‚ I thought abnormal psychology was about abnormal behaviors and thoughts. Therefore‚ with my previous knowledge I thought it would
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Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior‚ emotion and thought‚ which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder. The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors: Adaptive and Maladaptive behaviors. Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess‚ understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice. The theoretical field known as ‘abnormal psychology’ may form a backdrop
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ANALYSIS FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 10TH Edition Robert C. Higgins Additional Problems Chapter 7 – Discounted Cash Flow Techniques page 247 A brief tutorial on Excel financial functions (problems to follow) You may find the following Excel‚ built-in financial functions helpful when analyzing the problems below. (To access these functions‚ select Insert‚ Functions‚ and choose Financial.) =PV(rate‚ nper‚ pmt‚ fv‚ type) returns the present value of a series of cash flows
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MODELLING ABNORMAL RETURN: A REVIEW ARTICLE Oleh Norman Strong Overview Paper ini memberikan panduan untuk metodologi event study dan menguraikan prosedur pemodelan return abnormal dan masalah yang terkait. Event Study Event study adalah nama yang diberikan pada penelitian empiris atas hubungan antara harga sekuritas dengan kejadian ekonomi (economic events). Kebanyakan event study memfokuskan pada perilaku harga saham dalam rangka untuk menguji apakah perilaku stokastik mereka dipengaruhi oleh pengungkapan
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and contrast Accrual Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management. Real Earnings Management: a. Real activities manipulation: managers try to mislead at least some of their stakeholders to believe that the financial reporting goals have been met through normal operational practices. However‚ this is not a value added activity‚ sometimes may even reduce firm value because current actions will have negative effect on future cash flow. b. It is probable that real earnings management will have
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