Fiedler’s Contingency Model: Fred E. Fiedler was one of the first leadership researchers to acknowledge that effective leadership is dependent on the characteristics of the leader and the situation. The contingency model helps to explain why a manager may be an effective leader in one situation and ineffective in another. The contingency model also shows which managers are likely to be most effective in what situations. It is said by Fiedler‚ that personal characteristics can influence leader effectiveness
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of decision to be made between autocratic‚ consultative‚ democratic and other styles. See alsocontingency school of management. Contingency theory is a behavioral theory that claims that there is no single best way to design organizational structures. The best way of organizing e.g. a company‚ is‚ however‚ contingent upon the internal and external situation of the company. The contingency approach to organizational design tailors the design of the company to the sources of environmental uncertainties faced
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Basic Concepts INTRODUCTION Tax is today an important source of revenue for governments in all the countries. It has become inevitable imposition because it has great potentials for raising funds for meeting the development and defence needs of a nation. DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES •Direct Taxes: A tax which is born and paid directly by the person on whom it is impose is a direct tax e.g.‚ Income Tax‚ Wealth Tax‚ Gift Tax‚ etc. It is directly paid by the tax payer to the government without any intermediary
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CONTINGENCY THEORY Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. Instead‚ the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation. The leading practitioners of which were Tom Burns‚ Joan Woodward‚ Paul Lawrence‚ Jay Lorsch‚ and Fred Fiedler‚ an otherwise theoretically eclectic group who were nevertheless united in their belief that no single organizational
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“Basic concepts of educational measurement and assessment.” Summary Measurement‚ Evaluation and Assessment‚ this are the three important things that a learner undergoes for the facilitator to determine a valid and reliable result of achievement. But what is the difference of the three? Can we really measure achievement? If yes‚ then how can we make sure that it is valid? There are different kinds of evaluation and assessment‚ it is not just a series of test‚ continuous quizzes‚ seat-work and
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Contingency plan The contingency plan is to arrange in advance for an emergency event that may or may not happen. Single points of failure are really the central focus of contingency planning. Any time there is a failure of one of these elements‚ it can seriously risk our revenue stream and service to your customers. We have prepared contingency plans for customer online private security problem‚ server crashes‚ and factory emergency. * Customer private information security:
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is considered undesirable‚ from the human perspective‚ because: (a) it is a vector that transmits disease causing pathogens to humans (such as those causing malaria or yellow fever)‚ or other diseases to livestock or crop plants; or (b) it causes a loss of the productivity or economic value of crop plants‚ domestic animals‚ or stored foodstuffs. The abundance and effects of almost all insect pests can be managed through the judicious use of insecticides. However‚ the benefits of insecticide use are
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Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming 1. Classes 2. Objects 3. Data abstraction 4. Data encapsulation 5. Inheritance 6. Polymorphism 7. Dynamic Binding 8. Message Passing Student DATA Name DOB Marks …. FUNCTIONS Total Average Display …. Classes The entire set of data and code can be made as a user-defined type with the help of a class. Once a class has been defined‚ we can create any number of objects belonging to that class. A class gives a structure of what an object of its type
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Contingency theory suggests that it is possible to organize too much to meet the needs of the environment. This would be a case of strategic misfit. Think of an example of misfit caused by an inappropriate organization design. Explain how a firm’s structure could systematically increase its costs and place it at a strategic disadvantage. Contingency theory is the idea that there is no uniformly “best” structure for all firms in all circumstances. Contingency theory has focused on three factors
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What is a Contingency Plan? Also known as “Scenario Planning”‚ a contingency plan is the creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions. It’s about preparing for events such as the loss of Top Management‚ Customers‚ Suppliers and Market Share due to competition. Contingency planning is a normal part of everyday business. The need for a contingency plan‚ or a plan “B”‚ is extremely important and requires a thorough analysis of risks that a business may face. Dell
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