homogeneity across cultures. The theory of relative face orientation We have discussed that Brown and Levinson’s (1987) face-saving politeness theory has been undermined for its inability to be applied universally. In surveying recent studies in cross-cultural communication‚ Mao (1994) mentions Janney and Arndt (1993)‚ who characterise it as idealistic‚ culturally biased‚ and lacking objective empirical evidence for the evaluation of their politeness universals. Instead of a theory centered on universals
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Attachment Theory Bowlby’s description for attachment theory as a means for significant affectionate attachment bonds‚ created between people‚ where many types of emotional distress and personal diagnoses can be formed when this bond is lacking and/or separation is present or loss occurs (Berry & Danquah‚ 2015; Bowlby‚ 1977). This significance is developed from infancy between infants and their primary caregivers. This time period and proper attachment is pivotal in the development of a person’s
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Utilitarianism and the Theory of Justice* by Charles Blackorby‚ Walter Bossert and David Donaldson August 1999 revised August 2001 Prepared as Chapter 11 of the Handbook of Social Choice and Welfare K. Arrow‚ A. Sen and K. Suzumura‚ eds.‚ Elsevier‚ Amsterdam Charles Blackorby: University of British Columbia and GREQAM Walter Bossert: Universit´ de Montr´al and C.R.D.E. e e David Donaldson: University of British Columbia * We thank Don Brown‚ Marc Fleurbaey‚ Philippe Mongin‚ John Weymark
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condition and consumer equilibrium under both cardinal and ordinal utility theory are identical. They both assume that the consumer is rational. Consumer equilibrium‚ under cardinal utility theory‚ is achieved when the sufficient condition is met. That is‚ the total expenditure is equal to the consumer’s income. If a consumer is assumed to consumes two commodities only X and Y‚ then: Utility is a function of Y and X; U = f(X‚Y)…………………………..i Let the price of the two commodities be Px and Py respectively
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Solution to Tutorial 1 2011/2012 Semester I MA4264 Tutor: Xiang Sun∗ August 24‚ 2011 Game Theory 1 Review • “Static” means one-shot‚ or simultaneous-move; “Complete information” means that the payoff functions are common knowledge. • Normal-form representation: G = {S1 ‚ . . . ‚ Sn ; u1 ‚ . . . ‚ un }‚ where n is finite. • si is strictly dominated by si ‚ if ui (si ‚ s−i ) < ui (si ‚ s−i )‚ ∀s−i ∈ S−i . • Rational players do not play strictly dominated strategies‚ since they are always not
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Topic 6 - The Theory of Consumer Behavior – the theory of utility • The theory of consumer behaviour may be analysed by either utility theory and / or indifference curve analysis. • Note: this course only requires students to be aware of utility theory. Indifference curve analysis is undertaken in year 2 and is not a requirement of this course Basic Principles of the theory of Consumer Behaviour • Consumers are rational optimisers • Consumers seek to maximise total utility • Utility is achieved
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RISK THEORY - LECTURE NOTES 1. INTRODUCTION The primary subject of Risk Theory is the development and study of mathematical and statistical models to describe and predict the behaviour of insurance portfolios‚ which are simply financial instruments composed of a (possibly quite large) number of individual policies. For the purposes of this course‚ we will define a policy as a random (or stochastic) process generating a deterministic income in the form of periodic premiums‚ and incurring financial
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Module 2. Organisation Theory and Change Management STUDY GUIDE Organisation Theory and Change Management is the second of four modules which form the BSc (Hons) Business Management top-up degree: • • • • Module 1. Managing into the future Module 2. Organisation Theory and Change Management Module 3. Strategic Management Module 4. Leadership: Theory and Practice © 2012‚ Management Development Partnership Page 1 STRUCTURE OF THE MODULE The Organisation Theory and Change Management module
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1. What is a scientific theory? Please cite a definition you like. As Watson stated in "The Value of Theories"‚ a scientific theory is a systematic explanation that unifies various observed phenomena and facts. Based on observations we make‚ science operates under theories which are constantly revised and checked by experiment. A scientific theory also possesses many vital qualities for true understanding. 2. What is the difference between a scientific theory and common sense ideas about the same
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Modernity is defined as the state or quality of being modern and the theories of development have emerged as a result of this concept. Sociology and Modernity developed hand in hand and were based on similar foundations. Rational forms of thought and organisation; a belief in the ability and right of humans to shape and control their own lives; faith that technology and science could fix human problems and reliance upon manufacturing industries to improve living standards are some of the concepts
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