COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies. The key elements of Ryanair’s strategy are: Low Fares. Ryanair’s low fares are designed to stimulate demand‚ particularly from fare-conscious leisure and business travelers who might otherwise have used alternative forms of transportation or would not have traveled at all. Ryanair sells seats on a one-way basis‚ thus eliminating minimum stay requirements from all travel on Ryanair scheduled services
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“Tesco has developed their database carefully to avoid conflicts with the Data Protection Act‚ but this has not stopped lawsuits and court challenges from various newspapers and consumer groups‚” HubPages points out. “Privacy conscious consumers have started websites like cardexchange.org that encourage customers to swap loyalty cards to thwart businesses from tracking their shopping habits.” Still‚ Tesco’s efforts have enabled it to weave loyalty marketing into the very fabric of its existence. In 2005
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ARBITRAGE PRICING THEORY ( APT ) Originally developed by Stephen A. Ross. The CAPM predicts that security rates of return will be linearly related to a single common factor : ----- the rate of return on the market portfolio. The APT is based on a similar approach but assumes the rate of return on a security to be sensitive to a number of factors. Market equilibrium is driven by individuals eliminating arbitrage
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price: selecting the pricing objective‚ determining demand‚ estimating costs‚ analyzing competitors costs‚ prices and offers‚ selecting a pricing method and selecting the final price‚ Singapore GP Pte Ltd employed 2 different pricing strategies. They are 1. Price discounts and allowances 2. Differentiated Pricing Promotional pricing was not used in the sale of the FORMULA 1™ SingTel Singapore Grand Prix tickets as none of the techniques: lost-leader pricing‚ special-event pricing‚ cash rebates‚ low-interest
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Cost management | Wilkerson Company Case | | 1. What is the competitive situation faced by Wilkerson? The competitive situation faced by Wilkerson is quite severe. Price cutting in its main product has led to a huge drop in profit. While price increase in another product line partially made up the loss. We will discuss the detailed situation line by line. (1) Valves It was the first product line developed by Wilkerson and its high quality brought it a loyal customer base. Even
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INDUSTRY-PRICING ISSUES J.R KUMAR Faculty Director‚ FAPCCI. The basic aim of the Service Industry is to provide services to the clients/customers who need those services. These services include the services for the manufacturing units‚ as well as the services to other direct or indirect service providers who offer services to others involved in
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THE PRICING BARRIER Objectives: * Studying the Indian luggage industry before entering into the market * To study why Gibraltar had not launched its products in the industry * How to enter the Indian luggage market to break Monarch’s monopoly and Gibraltar’s brand recall * How to use advertising to compete with the pre-positioned brands and create a market competition Diagnosis: * European brand Tufflug had plans to enter the Indian luggage market but did not‚ after Gibraltar
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products in the near future in expanding market base complex issues loomed. Issues/Questions In Asian market uniformity and consistency is highly desired. The unification Strategy for the entire international market produces gain of lower costs‚ consistency of product and promotion and greater uniformity and consistency for mobile consumers. With this in mind‚ it gives the Japanese consumer the comfort to purchase long-term contracts with suppliers‚ knowing that they will consistently deliver
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Each and every person has the potential and free choice to pursue a career as an entrepreneur. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 2. The generation of the 21st century may become known as generation E because they are becoming the most entrepreneurial generation since the Industrial Revolution. ANS: T PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 3. Determining a person’s “entrepreneurial
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