Application of Social exchange theory in social psychology According to Thibaut & Kelly (1959)‚ who are often cited for being major contributors to the Social Exchange Theory‚ they clearly define the theory that “the concepts of Comparison Level and Comparison Level of Alternatives is used to explain how the parties in an exchange relationship weigh their benefits and costs of the exchange relationship to determine their relationship commitment and satisfaction level” (Thibaut & Kelley‚
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“In sociology‚ a theory is a way to explain different aspects of social interactions and to create a testable proposition” (Openstax College‚ 2015‚ p. 5). Sociologists use theories to explain things based on reason and critical thinking. Without these theories‚ sociologists would not be able to explain nearly anything in the sociological field. These theories include functionalism‚ conflict theory‚ and symbolic interaction. Functionalism is the theory that society is a structure with interrelated
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Family Social Science Theories Structure-Function Theory - views the family as a social system with members who have specific roles and functions. Systems Theory - describes families as a unit of the whole composed of members whose interactional patterns are the focus of attention. Developmental Theory - emphasizes how families change over time and focuses on interactions and relationships among family members. Interactionist Theory - focuses on the family as a unit of interacting personalities
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Social disorganization theory Social disorganization theory links crime rates to ecological characteristics. A person place of residents can determine whether or not they will commit a crime. Most people say that they’re a product of their environment. Some blame the way they grew up on the reason for their actions. A person’s living location is as important as a person characteristics. The theory suggests that youths growing up in subcultures has a disadvantage which will later result in delinquency
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According to Albert Bandura‚ observational learning is a learning process of identifying a model and reproducing their behaviour. Reproduction of the observed behaviour can result on the basis of whether the behaviour of the model carries with it positive or negative consequences. This can also be referred to as vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment of the model’s behaviour. An observer will more likely reproduce the actions of a model whose characteristics they find attractive or desirable
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Conflict theory cannot be fully introduced without defining two views social theorists have argued about for many years. The first is the consensus perspective. Consensus theorists state that society has a consensus of values among it members. This perspective puts a lot of emphasis on the state stating that it is organized to protect the interests of the general public‚ and has the duty to intervene when groups have differing views. The state is the representative of the general public’s values
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The Social Birth Order Theory In the world of psychology‚ nature versus nurture is a common theme theorists attribute to differences in the personalities of children. However‚ there may be other influences that have greater impact early in life. When it comes to the disposition of a person‚ the order in which they were born within a family leaves an ineffaceable effect. A child’s inclination toward certain personality traits can be the result of their inherent position within their family. Many
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Schwann and M.J. Schleiden introduced the cell theory; the theory that individual cells make up all tissues.1 However‚ due to the lack of staining techniques at the time‚ not much was known about nervous tissue and many scientists wondered if it even conformed to the same rules followed by all the other cells in the body. Two major theories were proposed regarding the nervous system: the reticular theory by Josef van Gerlach‚ and the neuron doctrine theory.1 Eventually‚ in 1873‚ an Italian scientist
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Functionalism‚ Conflict Theory & Symbolic Interactionism November 13‚ 2012 “Knowledge is shaped by the social world.” (Karl Mannheim.) Though trying to understand the social world may seem difficult‚ sociologists managed to create three theories on how different areas of the world fit with one another as well as working hand in hand with each other. The three theories are known as Symbolic Interactionism‚ Functionalism and Conflict Theory. Each theory serves as a significant
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Mischel’s social learning theory was used in the evaluation of Frida Kahlo and righteously so. Kahlo embodied the idea that people learn from their life experiences. Kahlo’s father showed her many photographs he took of the Mexican indigenous culture‚ and in turn Kahlo expressed these views in her own personality. Looking into the personal construct theory‚ Richard Nixon is a prime example of the views George Kelly had. Nixon’s decisions showed the key points of Kelly’s theory. The theory states that
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