induced aggression‚ irritable aggression‚ territorial aggression and instrumental aggression. Through out the many generations of humans‚ aggression has been a well-known behaviour that affects each and every one of us at some point of our lives. The variables that could possibly determine the severity of aggression are biological influences‚ neural influences‚ social influences‚ biochemical influences‚ and environmental influences. Biological influences refer to the genes each and every one of us
Premium Aggression Brain
CHAPTER 6 VALUATION AND MANAGEMENT VALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BONDS All Rights Reserved © Oxford University Press‚ 2011 2 CONTENTS Introduction Features of the bond Face Value l Coupon Rate Periodicity of coupon payments Maturity Redemption Value Fixed and Floating Rate Bonds Indexed Bonds Callable & Puttable Bonds C ll bl & P tt bl B d Zero Coupon and Deep Discount Bonds Convertible Bonds CHAPTER 6 Types of Bonds Types of Bonds
Premium Bond Bonds
the Time Value of Money to Security Valuation – Valuation of Bonds and Debt Securities A bond or a debenture is a long term debt instrument carrying a fixed rate of interest which is known to investors. A bond is redeemable after a specified period. Bonds are also called gilt edged securities or gilt when issued by the government since it is free of default risk. Features of a Bond or Debenture • Face Value – Face value is called par value. A bond / debenture is generally issued at a
Premium Bond
Assignment no. 1 Fixed Income Securities and Markets Question A.1 Given the following bond: |starting date |30/09/2011 | |maturity date |30/09/2014 | |coupon rate |4.00% | |coupon frequency |annual | |day count |act/act | |nominal value |100 | a) Calculate the price of the security on
Premium Bond
CHAPTER 7 Bonds Valuation CHAPTER ORIENTATION This chapter introduces the concepts that underlie asset valuation. We are specifically concerned with bonds. We also look at the concept of the bondholder’s expected rate of return on an investment. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Types of bonds A. Debentures: unsecured long-term debt. B. Subordinated debentures: bonds that have a lower claim on assets in the event of liquidation than do other senior debtholders. C. Mortgage bonds: bonds secured
Premium Bond Bonds
Assignment for Week -2 Chapter 5 (5 - 9) Bond Valuation and Interest Rate Risk Bond L Bond S INS = $100 INS = $100 M = $1‚000 M = $1‚000 N = 15 Years N = 1 Year a) 1) rd = 5% VBL = INT/ (1 + rd)t + M/ (1 + rd)N =INT [1/rd – 1/ rd(1 + rd)N ] + M/ (1 + rd)N =$100 [1/0.05 – 1/ 0.05(1 + 0.05)15] + $1‚000/ (1 + 0.05)15 =$1040 + $480.77 = $1518.98
Premium Standard deviation Variance Bond
Chapter 6 Bond Valuation 6.5 Duration and Convexity Problem Given a 4-yr treasury bond with a face value of $1‚000‚ an annual coupon rate of 3.20%‚ which had a yield to maturity of 2.53%‚ this bond makes 2 semi-annual coupon payments. Thus has 8 periods until maturity and we are required to determine what the duration‚ modified duration‚ and convexity of this bond is‚ based on the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and the Effective Annual Rate (EAR). Also‚ we are asked to explain an intuitive interpretation
Premium Bond Time Balance sheet
CHAPTER 4 BONDS ANND THEIR VALUATION Bond value--semiannual payment 1. You intend to purchase a 10-year‚ $1‚000 face value bond that pays interest of $60 every 6 months. If your nominal annual required rate of return is 10 percent with semiannual compounding‚ how much should you be willing to pay for this bond? N = 20 I/Y = 5 PV = -1124.62 PMT = 60 FV = 1000 Bond value--semiannual payment 2. Assume that you wish to purchase a 20-year bond that has a maturity value of $1‚000 and makes semiannual
Premium James Bond Bond
HW Bond Valuation and Bond Yields Clifford Clark is a recent retiree who is interested in investing some of his savings in corporate bonds. His financial planner has suggested the following bonds: • Bond A has a 7% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. • Bond B has a 9% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. • Bond C has an 11% annual coupon‚ matures in 12 years‚ and has a $1000 face value. Each bond has a yield to maturity (YTM) of 9%
Premium Bond Bonds
at the costs for the year. The restaurant wanted to see what some of their fixed and variable costs were for the year. They also wanted to make sure they remain in their relevant range. The costs focused on were the cost of hamburgers (raw materials) and the cost of building rent. It was determined that the raw materials were the variable costs because the cost will vary based on production of hamburgers. A variable cost is a cost that will change in direct proportion to changes in the cost-driver
Premium Costs Variable cost