Chemical Bonding Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead
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Chemical Separation Introduction: The objective of this experiment was to extract the pigments from spinach leaves‚ perform Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) on the spinach leaf extract‚ and then determine the best solvent mixture to use to separate the pigments in the extract. The pigments are located inside the chloroplast walls in the cells of the spinach leaves. In order to obtain the pigments the cell walls must be broken down thus exposing the pigment containing chloroplasts. Upon
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1. Discuss the distinguishing features (Market size‚ Market growth rate‚ Industry strength‚ etc.) of the industry. The world foodservice industry is expected to reach almost $992 billion in 2014‚ according to Datamonitor (2010)‚ with a volume of over 586 billion transactions. This represents more than 18% growth in five years. Cafés and restaurants represent the leading market segment at over 50% of overall industry value. Regionally‚ Asia-Pacific holds almost 43% of the world foodservice industry
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elements are contained in a molecule of Tetrodatoxin? What are the names of these elements? There are four different elements and they are 11 carbon‚ 17 hydrogen‚ 3 nitrogen and 8 oxygen. 3. What types of chemical bonds are found in this molecule? Describe the structure of those bonds. The chemical bonds found are covalent bonds‚ which are bonds that share electrons. 4. As mentioned in the case description‚ tetrodotoxin is a molecule that blocks voltage-gated sodium ion channels. Describe the structure
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INTRODUCTION Diamond Chemicals a major global competitor in the chemical industry and a leading producer of polypropylene. In 2001 the Corporation was facing losses in earnings and the slowdown of the global economy. The Earning per Share (EPS) had fallen by 50% from 1999 to 2000. The controller of the plant in Merseyside proposed a project of £9 million to renovate and rationalize the polypropylene production line at the plant to compensate for deferred maintenance and to exploit opportunities
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003 10 0.0008 0.01 Ratio = 1.2 Calculations: Conclusion: Answer the following questions in complete sentences‚ giving detailed explanations and support for each of your answers. 1. Explain in your own words what it means for a chemical system to be in the state of dynamic equilibrium. All reactions are able to reach equilibrium but only if they it happens in closed systems. Dynamic equilibrium is a state of balance where forward and reversed reactions happen at the same time.
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Chemical bonds are what make up the world. In bonds‚ elements are held together and form compounds that may have new physical and chemical properties. There are two main kinds of bonds‚ they ionic and covalent. In bonding the goal of the atoms involved is to reach a level of stability with less energy. In order to reach the epitome of stability‚ as in the case of noble gases‚ an atom strives to complete its outer shell. Either losing or gaining electrons may do this‚ which concludes in an ionic bond
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HOW TO APPLY A CHEMICAL RELAXER Being a professional hair stylist people are always asking me what is the proper way to apply a relaxer. There is no time to teach a class‚ so follow these simple instructions to get the best results. First‚ part the hair into four or five sections‚ depending on the thickness of the hair. Dry the hair. If moisture or sweat is present on the scalp get under a cool hair dryer for several minutes. It is recommended to apply protective cream around the hair line
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Chemicals of Life • With the exception of water‚ virtually all chemicals of life are CARBON based • Molecules that contain Carbon are considered organic with some exceptions such as CO2 • Carbon has 4 valence electrons so it is oriented in a tetrahedron shape Sketch→ • Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds and can form long chains‚ rings‚ and branched chain molecules • Carbon acts as the backbone of biological molecules • Molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons→
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What is Nova Chemical’s strategy? How do the various divisions relate to the firm’s overall strategy? Industry analysts are expecting high growth rates for specialty chemicals of 10-15%. As a result‚ Nova Chemical has a 5 year strategy that focuses on development of the company’s two specialty chemicals divisions: the Laboratory Products Division (LPD) and‚ more substantially‚ the Environmental Products Division (EPD). Investment will focus on the company’s EPD division through expansion
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