Post completion audit aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the capital budgeting decision that the management has implemented. It compares between the planned and the actual outcome‚ costs and the use of resources‚ results and benefits. It contains all assumptions that were made during the decision-making period. It is one of the ongoing continuous processes through which the organisation learns and improves. Recent research suggests that capital budgeting involves far more than
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procurement audit. Source: David Farmer etal 1972‚ Procurement principles and Practices On the African scope‚ procurement audit is done according to international conventions governing different international entities but the principles followed are almost similar. Gerald Mabveka (1987) of the University of Boston and Director of Public procurement in Malawi in his journal Business and Creative Technologies gives the general definition of audit as an evaluation
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Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991. Coase is best known for two articles in particular: "The Nature of the Firm" (1937)‚ which was written at his age of 27‚ lets even say his quite early economic age. This article‚ which was a brief but highly influential essay‚ Coase introduces the concept of transaction costs to explain the size of firms. Resume Introducing his analysis of ‘The nature of the firm’‚ Coase refers to D.H. Robertson who points out that we find “islands of conscious power in this ocean
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large firms have over smaller firms and vice-versa‚ in the pursuit of entrepreneurial activity. As an enterprise can be defined as private business‚ it can thus be separated into two main categories which are small firms and large firms. Within many countries and many industries there are normally a large number of small firms and a smaller number of large firms as can be seen in the United Kingdom where there are only a few thousand large firms and over 4 500 000 small to medium sized firms according
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2012 DIVIDEND POLICY AND FIRM PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF LISTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA Uwalomwa UWUIGBE1 Covenant University‚ Ogun State‚ Nigeria Jimoh JAFARU Auchi Polytechnic‚ Edo State‚ Nigeria Anijesushola AJAYI Covenant University‚ Ogun State‚ Nigeria ABSTRACT This study basically investigates the relationship between the financial performance and dividend payout among listed firms’ in Nigeria. It also looks at the relationship between ownership structure‚ size of firms and the dividend payouts. The
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Independent Project Proposal Topic: Developing an Alternative and Cost Effective Model for Measuring Price Sensitivity Background of Students: • Avishek Chaudhuri‚ a Mechanical Engineer from IIT Kharagpur‚ has worked with The Associated Cement Companies Ltd. for two years as an Assistant Manager Maintenance. Currently‚ a second year student of the Post Graduate Program‚ 2004-2006 at IIM Ahmedabad‚ he did his summer internship with Lafarge Aluminates on business potential
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MZUMBE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE PROGRAMME: MSC. ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE COURSE: AUDITING AND ASSURANCE SERVICES CODE: ACC5221 NATURE: TERM PAPER STUDENT NAME: HAMAD OTHMAN RUBEA REG NO: MSC/AF/MOR/010/T.12 LECTURER: MR. KASHESHI TASK: Discuss the business risk that may face any organization and the Auditors concern about these risks. DATE OF SUBMISSION AND PRESENTATION: 17th DEC 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 1.0 NTRODUCTION ...................
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power against stakeholders e.g. customers‚ employees‚ suppliers‚ public‚ communities”. Do you agree or disagree? Explain what you answer is and why have you reached that conclusion. You are to include a clear rational argument for your case that has strong examples to support your thinking. Unlike shareholders who are solely interested in return dividends and share price growth‚ stakeholders have wide variety of interests in how companies operate. Freeman (1984) stated that stakeholders are‚ “any group
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Managerial theories of the firm Managerial theories of the firm place emphasis on various incentive mechanisms in explaining the behaviour of managers and the implications of this conduct for their companies and the wider economy. According to traditional theories‚ the firm is controlled by its owners and thus wishes to maximise short run profits. The more contemporary managerial theories of the firm examine the possibility that the firm is controlled not by its owners‚ but by its managers‚ and
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a conventional start‚ perhaps it would be worth our while to look at what "capital structure" actually means. In broad terms‚ it is essentially the firms ’ mix of debt and equity but it would be wrong to assume that this is all there is to it. These two terms belie the complexity that lies beneath‚ from the viewpoint of the decisions that any firm must take - that is to say‚ what kind of debt and which type of equity. Capital structuring would then‚ deal with how a concern splits its cash flows
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