GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DISORDERS OF WATER BALANCE (HYPONATREMIA AND HYPERNATREMIA) AND SODIUM BALANCE (HYPOVOLEMIA AND EDEMA) Literature review current through: Sep 2013. | This topic last updated: ene 15‚ 2013. 1. INTRODUCTION — The plasma sodium concentration is regulated by changes in water intake and excretion‚ not by changes in sodium balance. hyponatremia is primarily due to the intake of water that cannot be excreted hypernatremia is primarily due to the loss of water that has not
Premium Sodium Potassium
Bipolar Disorder: Its Causes and Effects At least 2 million Americans suffer from bipolar disorder‚ more commonly known as manic-depression. This illness usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Although it may come into affect at any time‚ most individuals with the disorder experience their first mood episode in their 20 ’s. However‚ manic-depression quite often strike teenagers and has been diagnosed in children under 12. The risk of suicide among
Premium Bipolar disorder
An anxiety disorder is a condition that causes an individual to feel frightened‚ distressed and experience negative affect for no valid or apparent reason. Anxiety disorders cause significant discomfort and interfere with normal functioning that can cause long-term impairment in both children and adults. The disorder emerges relatively early and the median age for onset of anxiety is as early as 11 years of age (Kessler et. al‚ 2005). Childhood anxiety disorders are highly heritable and childhood
Premium Psychology Anxiety Panic disorder
Introduction to Psychology SCHIZOPHRENIA April 30th‚ 2011 Abstract Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder that has many long term symptoms‚ caused by both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Research on pathogenesis has traditionally focused on neurotransmitter systems in the brain‚ particularly those involving dopamine. Schizophrenia has been considered a separate disease for over a century‚ but in the absence of clear biological
Premium Schizophrenia Mental disorder Psychology
Autism Spectrum Disorders All around the world‚ there are many children and adults that suffer from an autism spectrum disorder. Unluckily‚ autism is a disorder that is not easily identifiable‚ especially in children. However‚ families that are fortunate enough to identify this disorder in children at most have no idea of how to cope with the disability or how to even handle the child. For that reason‚ it is essential to clarify the misapprehensions most people make and alert them on and how to handle
Premium Autism Pervasive developmental disorder Asperger syndrome
hypothetical situation; it’s their lives. This is a disorder called the “Autism Spectrum Disorder.” This disease can be classified and defined thousands of different ways‚ but the one thing connecting everyone on this spectrum is the fact that the reason why they have this disorder is completely unknown to scientists. There are theories that range all the way from genetics to cases of physical harm‚ but the most popular‚ and most researched‚
Premium Autism Dopamine Nervous system
Speech disorders in young children are early indicators that give reason to students having difficulty in aspects of cognition. Speech is not only a motor skill‚ but also a cognitive skill in the form that speech is language that comes from within the brain. “Speech problems and reading disorders are linked‚ suggesting that speech problems may potentially be an early marker of later difficulty in associating graphemes with phonemes.” (Foy & Mann 2011) The brocoa’s area of the brain is where speech
Premium Language Linguistics Psychology
symptoms to this disorder including general pain‚ headaches‚ constipation‚ sleep less‚ and eat less prior to the disorder. The DSM-5 is an episode described to be two or more weeks that have five symptoms of depression. The DSM- 5 lists different types of depression such as depressive disorder‚ dysthymic disorder‚ and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (Comer pg. 171). The major depressive disorder is at least two years and dysthymic disorder is less than that. The premenstrual dysphoric disorder is in women
Premium Psychology Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder
Neurocognitive Disorder Research: Autism Psychology November‚ 09‚ 2010 "Autism is a lifelong developmental disability. It is part of the autism spectrum and is sometimes referred to as an autism spectrum disorder‚ or an ASD. The word ’spectrum ’ is used because‚ while all people with autism share three main areas of difficulty‚ their condition will affect them in very different ways. Some are able to live relatively ’everyday ’ lives; others will require a lifetime of specialist
Premium Autism Brain
Angela Deibler Mr. Milnes Honors Psychology 25 December 2016 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder– Psychology Research Paper Obsessive compulsive disorder is a chronic and common psychological disorder in which the sufferer experiences repetitive unwanted thoughts and subsequently feels the need to perform certain actions in response to these thoughts. The victim suffers from urges to repeat these thoughts and behaviors routinely. The recurring thoughts are referred to as obsessions‚ while the resulting
Premium Psychology Body dysmorphic disorder Anterior cingulate cortex