using it. It is done by a method called fractional distillation which involves separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points. The refining is done by changing the liquid into its gaseous state and then cooling the gaseous mixture at controlled temperatures such that at a time only one of the vapours having boiling point I liquefies first. This is generally done by a special tower called fractionating column. Fractional distillation of petroleum Crude petroleum is heated to a temperature
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CHM 2210L-009 Experiment 1: Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture Aim: The aim of this experiment is to perform a simple and a fractional distillation and separate a mixture containing two liquids‚ cyclohexane and toluene. Post Lab: At any given temperature a liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor. This equilibrium is described by the vapor pressure of the liquid. The vapor pressure is the pressure that the molecules at the surface of the liquid
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This page intentionally left blank SEPARATION PROCESS PRINCIPLES Chemical and Biochemical Operations THIRD EDITION J. D. Seader Department of Chemical Engineering University of Utah Ernest J. Henley Department of Chemical Engineering University of Houston D. Keith Roper Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering University of Arkansas John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc. Vice President and Executive Publisher: Don Fowley Acquisitions Editor: Jennifer Welter Developmental Editor:
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Fractional Distillation Name: Pinaki Das Partner’s Name: Alice Kim Course: Advance Science Grade 9 Slot: B Date: November 6th 2013 Fractional distillation separates a mixture of liquids based on differences in the boiling points of the liquid. The purpose of this experiment was to identify
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other to react twice with a Grignard followed by removal of the protecting group by acid hydrolysis to give final product (C2). Method: Ethyl acetoacetate (30.03g)‚ ethylene glycol (15.01g) and toluene-p-sulphonic acid (0.13g) were added to a 250 cm3 round bottomed flask‚ containing a stirrer bar and toluene (100 cm3)‚ fitted with a condenser and dean-stark head. Solution was heated strongly under reflux using a heater stirrer block for approximately one hour. During heating 4.5 cm3 of water was collected
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result of experiment. Methodology Materials and Apparatus The chemicals used in the experiment are as follows: benzoic acid‚ sugar‚ denatured alcohol‚ chloroform‚ acetanilide‚ copper sulfate‚ activated charcoal‚ distilled water‚ acetone‚ toluene‚ glutamic acid and glycine. The apparatus used include funnel‚ Erlenmeyer flask‚ separatory funnel‚ beakers‚ evaporating dish‚ water bath‚ graduated cylinder‚ stirring rod‚ watch glass‚ distilling flask‚ thermometer‚ tripod‚ wire gauze‚ burner‚ iron
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3.3 Results and Discussion 3.3.1 Particle Size of Asphaltenes. DLS was utilized to obtain the hydrodynamic radius of asphaltenes in toluene‚ which could help understand the behaviors of asphaltenes in the bulk solutions and oil/water interfaces. Figure 1 shows the particle size distribution of asphaltenes under different concentrations at 23 ℃ and under 2000 mg/L at different temperatures. A summary of the average particle size under different concentration and temperature conditions is shown in
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We reached our goals through our experimentation. We tested the solubility of each of the starting and ending materials in water‚ HCl‚ NaOH‚ toluene‚ and acetone. We discovered that the starting materials would only dissolve in toluene. To make the soap‚ we obtained about 10 mL of vegetable oil and 10 g of lard and we placed them both in separate 250 mL beakers. While we were stirring the compounds‚ we also added 15 mL of 6 M NaOH drop by drop and 1 mL of glycerol. We then heated our solutions
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1 CHAPTER 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND The main objective is to design an economic Acrylonitrile chemical plant with safer ways of processes for a minimum production rate of 100‚ 000 metric tonnes/year. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Recently‚ production of acrylonitrile has been increasing every year in many countries. The rapid growth of the industry is mainly attributed to the availability of oil and gas as feedstock‚ a well-developed infrastructure‚ and a strong base
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Iodine Crystal Solvents: Distilled water Ethyl Alcohol Toluene Solutions Polar‚ Non-Polar or Ionic Attractive Forces NaCl + Distilled Water Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Distilled water Solvent-solvent NaCl + Ethyl Alcohol Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Ethyl Alcohol Solvent-solvent NaCl + Toluene Solute NaCl Solute-solute Solute-solvent Solvent Toluene Solvent-solvent Naphthalene + Distilled Water Solute Naphthalene
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