reflux with vigorous stirring) 4. The upper layer that separates is the alkyl bromide (because the aqueous soln of inorganic salts has a higher density. 5. Reflux for 50 mins and then cool to room temp. 6. Remove the condenser and set up a steam distillation apparatus with a 100-mL round bottom flask as a receiver. 7. Add 50mL of water and distill the mixture (add water if necessary to keep volume constant. 8. Pour the distillate into a separate funnel and add 20mL of water stopper and then shake
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Katie Smith April 11‚ 2013 Competitive Nucleophiles Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to compare the nucleophilicities of chloride and bromide ions toward the n-butyl and t-pentyl alcohols. We were able to analyze this by using refractometry to measure the amounts of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in each reaction. Experiment Scheme (Procedure A) To begin the experiment‚ we assembled a reflux apparatus in the fume hood with a 100 mL round bottom flask and a condenser
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A THEORITICAL STUDY ON REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY PERVAPORATION JAGADEESH KUMAR. Y *a‚ NAGA KUMAR. Vb. *a III/IV B.Tech chemical engineering‚ R.V.R & J.C College of engineering‚ GUNTUR. E-mail: abhi.chemico@gmail.com. bIII/IV B.Tech chemical engineering‚ R.V.R & J.C College of engineering‚ GUNTUR. E-mail: naga.vootla@gmail.com. ABSTRACT Strategies for
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to prepare cyclohexene while using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The mixture of cyclohexanol with sulfuric acid is heated in a flask equipped with a fractionating column‚ forming water. Further heating promotes the distillation of water and cyclohexene by the principle of stem distillation. A bromine test can be later done to ensure that the end product is an alkene. HYPOTHESIS The amount of cyclohexene forms will be greater than the amount of cyclohexanol prepared. PROCEDURE
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Separation of components with different volatilities * WATER AND ACETONE when the water H2O and acetone was heated‚ the acetone evaporated from the beaker and condensed to the test tube. The method used to separate the mixture is Distillation. Distillation is the process of separating liquid mixtures with components of varying degrees of volatility or significant differences in boiling point. The water and the acetone separated. The water and Acetone has different
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cation left on the carbon that lost the alcohol will be replaced by the bromine ion‚ creating 1-bromobutane. The lab students had to understand the basic separation techniques to conduct this lab safe and effectively. They had to setup a simple distillation to distill the mixture quickly once the reaction took place. The distillate then had to be transferred to a separatory funnel to further separate. By following the
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products begin to form‚ hydrolysis a reverse reaction of esterification occurs. To ensure the reaction is complete an acid catalyst is commonly used. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. This experiment covered 4 techniques; they are distillation‚ refluxing‚ extraction‚ and esterification. Firstly‚ esterification and refluxing‚ the acid and alcohol are first warmed and mixed together with the sulphuric acid catalyst then attached it to a reflux condenser for a period of time. Then extraction
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three step process for making a perfume. Only after that you can determine the quality of a perfume. The first step of making perfume is the oil extraction‚ which can be done in several ways: steam distillation‚ solvent extraction‚ enfleurage‚ maceration and expression. In steam distillation‚ plants are being passed through the steam‚ where the oil become gas. Then the gas passes through some tube to make it cooled and liquified. "Another way of extracting oil is to boil the plant substances
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Name Naza Moore ID# 24120389 Lab# 2 Lab instructors Alecia Palmer and Donald Burke Course Instructor Maureen Wilson Lab Title Preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol Aim Preparation of an Alkene by dehydration of an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Calculate the percentage recovery of products. Test for purity and identification of products. Abstract Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are both colourless aromatic compounds. The major difference between the two is the presence
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or sodium sulfate. Because isopentyl alcohol has a lower boiling point than that of isopentyl acetate‚ and the by-products have higher boiling points‚ it should be possible- in principle- to remove the alcohol and by-products from the ester by distillation. Isopentyl alcohol should distill first‚ followed by the ester‚ and any by-products should remain behind in the pot-the vessel in which the reaction mixture is boiled. Reaction: Reaction: Acetic acid + isopentyl alcohol isopentyl acetate
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