Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Ethanol is a clean-burning‚ high-octane fuel and is made from a renewable resource made from American corn and different cellulosic materials. Ethanol has many uses. It can be used as a biofuel (which reduces greenhouse effect) and it can be used for making different materials like perfumes and explosives. It is also called ethyl alcohol. Ethanol can be produced by banana peelings but we don’t know which peeling
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Chemical Earth 1. The living and non-living components of the Earth contain mixtures Construct word and balanced formulae equations of chemical reactions as they are encountered 1. Build a word equation Reactants on left‚ Products on right 2. Convert word equation into chemical formula for the reactants and products Using valency rules 3. Balance the equation Adjust coefficients to get equal numbers of each kind of atom on each side 4. Specify the physical state for each species present
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disposal. So‚ we are here with an idea of using that waste peelings to produce ethanol to help for its increasing demand in the present situation. Method: The production of Ethanol from Banana peels involves two phases. i)Fermentation ii)Distillation The peels of nendran variety of bananas are taken as they are rich in cellulose and are kept in hot oven at 338K and dried sample is taken and is dissolved in hot water for starch extraction through soxhlet apparatus. This solution is treated
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stirrer and a condenser attached to it‚ along with the thermometer in the flask. Then the mixture was heated at 90oC then kept at the range of 90oC-100oC for 30 minutes. When that is completed add 20 mL of water into the flask to perform a simple distillation to collect the distillate in a graduated cylinder‚ keep doing this until there is no more 2-Bromobutane collected. Use a Pasteur pipette to draw off the organic layer to another container. Add the potassium carbonate to allow the liquid to dry
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spirit in the world. It’s was made in a small village called Ahus in Southern Sweden. From 1979 to 2010 they have branch out over fifteen different brands and flavor all over the world. Absolut Vodka uses a unique process called continuous distillation it was introduced in the nineteenth century by a man named Olsson Smith known as “The Vodka King”. His mind set the sales of good vodka‚ his saying was” to sale good vodka you got to make good vodka”. Since its launch in 1979‚ Absolut Vodka has
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two components are examined‚ and the information ohtained comoared with that from chemical tests. Practical Detalls Crush about 30-35 g of cloves with pestle and mortar and place in the distillation flask (500 ml) containing about 100 ml water; steam-distil for 1% hr heating both the boiler and the distillation flask. The receiver contains oil of clove‚ some separated and some dispersed in water. Extract the mixture with 3 portions of 25 ml chloroform. Examine the chloroform extract using the tlc
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bicarbonate a little at a time while stirring. Shake and allow layers to separate. Transfer lower alkyl halide layer in 3mL concial vial using pipet. Dry solution over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Distill dry solution using Hickmann still. When distillation complete‚ weigh the vial and calculate percent yield. Determine the infared spectrum of product using salt plate. Procedure: Day 1: First I weighed an empty 10mL flask with lid = 15.887g. Then I added the n-butyl
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in Tremoulet‚ Unton‚ & Feng‚ 1998). A molten salt will be used a heat source for the endothermic reaction: The acetone produced in the reactor passes into a phase separator and then into a separation system that includes one stripping and two distillation column. 1.1 The Uses Of Acetone Acetone is an organic chemical consisting of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ and oxygen atoms. It is a clear‚ flammable liquid at room temperature. It is produced by humans in small amounts through routine biological processes
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identify the unknowns by analyzing the physical properties on IR and NMR spectrums. The neutral solid was purified through recrystallization and the melting point range was determined to be 47.5oC to 48.9oC. The basic liquid was purified with simple distillation and the boiling point of 135oC was concluded. Through the analysis of IR spectrum of each unknown the structures for each unknowns were devised. An important peak for the solid unknown D was 1655.71 cm-1 (Ketone) and the peaks that were important
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translated into Arabic‚ as well as Arabic works being translated into Latin. This helped lift the spirits of learning in western Europe. New principles of chemistry were created in Europe. Distillation was perceived as to have miraculous healing powers and was made from magic. It was considered a panacea. Distillation was related to the infant science of perfume making in the fourth millennium BCE. This led to the discovery of distilled wine. Texts that had to be translated were works from Greece‚ India
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