aiding in identifying and understanding the writer’s main purpose. Examples which show this are “two stone windmills…one boiling house with seven coppers‚ one curing house and one still” and “permitting a single or continuous distillation process‚ as opposed to the double distillation process of the pot still”. Evidence was also documented in this piece‚ that is historical data and statistical data‚ such as “300 years old‚ and counting”‚ “the legal deed‚ dated 20 February 1703‚ complete with age-darkened
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Completion/participation of the Experiment 1 2 3 4 5 Total Comments /50 Lab 9 Report Template: Acid Catalyzed Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Abstract In Experiment 9‚ distillation was used to carry out the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol using 4:1 mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acid. Gas Chromatography was then used to measure the products. Two products were formed. The theoretical yield of the alkene mixture was
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Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations in the 9th century‚ which contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils‚ salves‚ aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs. The book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making and perfume-making equipment‚ such as the alembic (which still bears its Arabic name). The Persian chemist Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation‚ the procedure most commonly
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Lab Protocol #8 - Dehydration of 3‚3-dimethyl-2-butanol KEYWORDS: alkenes‚ E2‚ E1‚ carbocation stability‚ elimination A. Introduction. The dehydration of alcohols is an ELIMINATION reaction that is commonly used to form alkene molecules. The mechanism for the dehydration of alcohols consists of transforming the –OH functional group into a better leaving group by using a strong acid to protonate the alcohol. After –OH has been transformed into –OH2+‚ it becomes easier to break the σ-bond between the
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Procedures: 0.039g of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride‚ 0.358g of 1-bromobutane‚ 0.416g ofdiethyl malnote‚ and 0.414g of potassium carbonate were mixed in a 5mL long-necked‚ round-bottom flask. The apparatus was set up according to figure 42.1. The distillation column was attached to be used as an air condenser in order for the reaction solution to reflux. The flask containing the reaction solution was heated. The solution was cool to room temperature for a few minutes‚
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separate a mixture into its components and they can be used by different separation methods - one example is a strainer. Physical changes that can be used to separate the components of a mixture including filtration‚ evaporation‚ crystallization‚ and distillation. Mass percent composition is a convenient way to express that actual composition of a mixture in terms of the amount of each component. The mass percent of each component in a mixture is calculated as
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Abstract This study entitled “Ethanol Production from Waste Banana Peelings” aims to produce an alternative way in producing energy. Banana chips‚ banana con hielo‚ banana cue and other Filipino delicacies made up of banana are some of our favorite foods. But after the consumption of the flesh‚ we are just throwing out the peelings as garbage. Our country today is facing two major problems‚ energy crisis and proper waste disposal. This study used waste banana peelings
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Acid Molecular Formula: H2SO4 Molar Mass: 98.079 g/mol Density: 1.84 g/cm3 Melting point: 10 C Boiling point: 337 C • Results and Discussion: To begin the procedure of dehydrating cyclohexanol into cyclohexene‚ we assembled a simple distillation apparatus‚ using a heating element that did not include a flame. The reason behind this is because the cyclohexene is highly flammable‚ so as to remove any unnecessary risk we used a heating pad. We then created our cyclohexanol mixture of cylcohexanol
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Distillation Purpose: To conduct the distillation process‚ simple or fractional. Procedure: 1. Add 5ml of 20% ethanol: water mix to the distillation flask. 2. Add 23 stir bar 3. Make sure that the thermometer bulb is just below the Claisen Head‚ carefully. Be very gentle with the thermometers and take care not to break them. 4. Label 3 vials‚ 1‚2‚ and 3. 5. Place receiving vial 1 on ice to collect the distillate 6. Start the distillation by piling up hot sand around the distillation flask with
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Optimized Acetone Separations Design Kavinetor‚ Inc. Team Leader: Kavita Nyalakonda Design Engineers: Janet Huang‚ Hector Perez November 8‚ 1999 CENG 403 Executive Summary Miller & Associates contracted Kavinetor‚ Inc. to develop and optimize a separations process simulation for a new acetone production plant. The reactor system for this acetone plant was modeled by Group C. Williams. Using their findings‚ Kavinetor was charged with the task of using the effluent
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