TABLE OF CONTENT Content Page Introduction Type of Distillation Column Operation of Distillation Column Application in Industry Drawing of simple PFD Problems solving 1.0 INTRODUCTION Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity‚ by the application and removal of heat. Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry‚ mostly
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Isolation of yeast RNA Methods The experiment was first started through mixing of 3.0 g dry yeast‚ 5.0 ml of 1% NaOH and 25.0 ml distilled water in 100 ml beaker. The resulting mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes while being stirred. The suspension was strained using cheesecloth and the obtained filtrate was obtained and collected in the beaker. This was then centrifuged at maximum speed for about 10-15 minutes. Centrifugation‚ which uses the idea of gravity‚ break up
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Absolut Vodka’s Absolute Global Marketing On a lovely morning of September 2009‚ with the fiftieth “beep”‚ Steven scanned the last bottle of the limited edition Absolut Vodka 2009 on the spirits Shelf of Selfridges London. The latest special-edition bottles of Absolut - packaged in a dramatic heavy-metal rock style‚ wrapped with golden studs and gray leather‚ rapidly become a spot light among the shelf‚ the whole spirit of Rock n’ Roll are simple illustrated by the new design‚ and just as its normal
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Apparatus and materials: 1 tube mouth rinse(4 brands)‚ 3 cylinders beetroot‚ 1 pc razor blade‚ 1 pc white tile‚ 10 pcs test tubes‚ 2 pcs test tube racks ‚ 1pc 10-mL measuring cylinder‚ 5 pcs labels ‚ 1 pc forceps‚ 1 pc 500-mL beaker Aim : To study the effect of different brands of mouth rinse on the permeability of the membranes of beetroot tissue Problem: To compare the denaturation of membrane of cells in the effect of mouth rinse of different brands and find out which brand of mouth rinse
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Research Plan Research Question: What is the antimicrobial effect of common household spices/herbs such as cinnamon‚ cloves‚ mustard‚ ginger‚ and garlic‚ on the zone of inhibition in the Staphylococcus epidermis covered nutrient agar? Hypothesis: If 3 teaspoons of chopped cinnamon‚ cloves‚ mustard‚ ginger‚ and garlic steep in half a cup of boiling water for 15 hours and then placed in nutrient agar covered with Staphylococcus epidermis (gram positive) bacteria for 24 hours (in an incubator)‚ garlic
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MATERIAL AND METHODS Stability of cell membrane using pH For the lab experiment for testing the stability of beet cell membranes using pH‚ many materials were used as follows. Obtaining a beet we punch out cores‚ using a cork borer. After washing the cores we put each one inside a separate test tube‚ and added a different pH solution in each one. After 3 minutes in these exposure solutions‚ we took the beet out with a dissecting needle. Then transferred each beet to a separate test tube containing
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Introduction: In this experiment I aim to investigate the effect of the surface area to volume ratio on the rate evaporation of water in different sized containers. By measuring the time it takes for the whole amount of water to evaporate‚ a conclusion can be made about the validity of the surface to volume ratio in regards to the biological process of diffusion. Research Question: What is the effect of the surface area to volume ratio on the evaporation of water? Variables: - Independent:
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PERFUME USING ALMOND OR GRAPESEED OILS OBJECTIVE: MATERIALS: * Flower * Spice * Leaves or bark * Jar * Water * Strainer * Jojoba Oil PROCEDURES: 1. Fill an 8 ounce jar with the flower‚ spice‚ leaves or bark. Pack it full. Next‚ pour in the oil until the jar is full. Put on the lid and shake vigorously. 2. Place the jar in a warm‚ dark place and shake every day for at least one week. Remove the lid and smell. If the scent is not strong enough‚ replace the
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Introduction “How can humidity be measured by human hair?” you may ask. There is a simple way to do it! Create a hygrometer‚ an instrument for measuring the level of humidity in the air. Testable Questions: 1.What is a hygrometer? 2.How does it measure humidity? 3.How is hair affected by humidity? : Hypothesis I hypothesize that when the air gets very humid‚ the hair will curl up and move the pointer higher‚ because when I go out in the summertime‚ my hair gets frizzy. I also believe that
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SYNT 0719 – Brominating Alkenes OBJECTIVE The purpose of this lab will be to brominate trans-stilbene by using acetic acid and pyrimidium tribromide by refluxing the mixture. To test the purity of product I will take the melting point which should be around 240 ºC along with a flame test which should be green-blue. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TABLE See Attached Lab Notebook Copies REACTION MECHANISM In this lab we used multiple techniques to complete and verify the bromination of trans-stilbene
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