To begin the experiment‚ the reaction apparatus was assembled (as shown in Figure 1 below from the lab manual) consisting of a 3.0 mL conical vial charged with p-cresol (80uL from Eppendorf pipette)‚ 25% aqueous NaOH (130uL)‚ and a spin vane. The solution was mixed thoroughly and tetrabutylammonium bromide (9mg) was added along with n-propyl iodide (75uL) and it was equipped with a flask with a water reflux condenser. The solution was heated (95-100°C) while vigorously stirring it. After 60 minutes
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The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and purify cholesterol from egg yolks. Two hard boiled egg yolks were twice extracted with diethyl ether and methanol‚ with the filtrate collected via vacuum filtration. Potassium hydroxide pellets were added to the filtrate‚ the ether was distilled off‚ and the mixture was saponified by reflux. The crude cholesterol was isolated through a series of ether extractions and aqueous washes; then the ether was dried with MgSO4 and removed by rotary evaporation
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Salinity Experiment Aim To determine a method of measuring a soil sample’s salinity level in order to measure 3 samples’ salinity level. Hypothesis I think that by running a current through a salt solution and measuring the resultant amperage‚ a pattern in the recordings will help find a soil sample’s salinity level. Variables Controlled Amount of solution (100 mL)‚ supplied voltage (4V)‚ amount of soil (50 gm) & water (150 mL) in soil sample’s solution. Independent Amps recorded
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Methodology A. Synthesis of D-Arabino-Hexulose Phenylosazone In a 50 mL quick-fit round bottom flask with a reflux condenser‚ dissolve 10 g cane sugar in a mixture of 20 mL glacial acetic acid. Boil mixture for 30 minutes. Add the phenylhydrazine solution through the condenser. Remove from the hot plate. Rinse with 5 mL of 1:1 mixture of water and glacial acetic acid to complete the transfer of phenylhydrazine. When a yellow solid emerges‚ swirl the mixture. Wrap a dry cloth around the flask
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Bromination of trans- Stilbene to form 1‚2- Dibromo- 1‚2-diphenylethane Abstract 1‚2-dibromo-1‚2-diphenylethane was produced by the bromination of trans-stilbene through the addition of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This experiment was a greener bromination of stilbene because bromine was generated in situ and ethanol was used as the solvent. The melting point (243.30°C)‚ mass (.427g)‚ and percent yield (45.54) of the crystals were recorded. The FTIR
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Purpose: To synthesize 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene through a two-step synthesis. The aldol condensation reaction between benzil and dibenzyl ketone forms 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone‚ which then reacts with a benzene formed by anthranilic acid and isoamyl nitrate in order to yield 1‚2‚3‚4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reaction Equation A: Synthesis of 2‚3‚4‚5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone: A solution of 4 capsules potassium hydroxide (0.5g) and 5mL anhydrous ethanol was prepared
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Homemade ink 1. Black Ink: There are several ways to make black ink. Here’s an easy one: take one egg yolk‚ ½ teaspoon lamp black‚ ½ cup honey and one teaspoon gum arabic. Lamp black is available commercially or you can make it yourself by holding a plate or any receptacle over a lit candle - it will take some time to collect half a teaspoon though. Mix all of the ingredients to make a thick paste and add enough water to this paste to dilute it so that it flows easily as a fluid. 2. Gall-Iron
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Greener Brominations Abstract In this experiment‚ trans-stilbene was brominated and debrominated with the use of three methods: bromination with pyridinium tribromide‚ bromination with hydrogen peroxide and hydrobromic acid‚ and debromination with zinc. The yields of parts A‚ B‚ and C are as follows: 68.6 %‚ 54.6 %‚ and 55.9 %. Introduction In the chemical process of bromination‚ an alkene is halogenated with bromine. Solvents that are typically used include methylene chloride and carbon
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Gravimetric Analysis Report Aim: Determine the % by mass composition of a sand-salt mixture. Background: Gravimetric analysis is a method which is based on the isolation of the desired sample in pure forms or in some combined form from a sample‚ and weighing the isolated constituent. Then from the weights of the sample or precipitate‚ a percentage can be calculated out of the constituent. Solubility is the amount of a substance which is called the solute‚ dissolves in a volume of liquid substance
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What Effects Do Temperature And Standard Solution Have on a Beetroots Cell Membrane. Content: * Aim............................................................................................................. * Preliminary Work....................................................................................... * Hypothesis................................................................................................. * Risk Assessment.....................
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