Types of costs Classification of costs: • Materials – costs of raw materials‚ components and other goods used. • Labor – cost of employees wages and salaries. • Expenses – costs which cannot be included in materials and labor. Variable costs – these costs varies directly with changes in the level of quantity‚ over a defined period of time. Fixed costs – are not affected by the changes in the level of activity‚ over a defined period of time. Semi variable costs – for example
Premium Marginal cost Variable cost Costs
PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI Metode Variable Costing & Full Costing Perbandingan Metode Full Costing dengan Metode Variable Costing. Full Costing Yakni merupakan metode penentuan harga pokok produksi‚ yang membebankan seluruh biaya produksi baik yang berperilaku tetap maupun variabel kepada produk. Dikenal juga dengan Absortion atau Conventional Costing. Perbedaan tersebut terletak pada perlakuan terhadap biaya produksi tetap‚ dan akan mempunyai akibat pada : 1. Perhitungan
Premium
Case Study: Cost Justified Managers face many challenges in the day to Day operations of their business. Often times some of the greatest challenges come from within their own ranks‚ as superior managers use their position and influence to coerce one to make decisions or commit acts that are sometimes on the boundaries of the law and often cross the ethical line. In the case of “Cost Justified‚” we are introduced to Joe‚ the District
Premium Ethics Immanuel Kant Business ethics
Masters Program for International Development Policy Foreign Direct Investment Term Paper - 2010 Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal Submitted to: Prof. Hwy-Chang Moon Submitted by: Khagendra Prasad Rijal Spring 2010 Executive Summary Table of Contents Title Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Foreign Direct Investment: Theoretical Overview 3.1. Market Failure The 3.2. Eclectic Paradigm 3.3. Diamond Model and Imbalance Theory 3.4. Double
Premium Investment Foreign direct investment Macroeconomics
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nepal: Trends and Prospects Introduction FDI is a cross-border investment in which a resident in one economy (the direct investor) acquires a lasting interest in an enterprise in another economy (the direct investment enterprise). By convention‚ a direct investment is established when the direct investor has acquired 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power of an enterprise abroad. FDI may involve the creation of a new establishment or investment
Premium Investment Foreign direct investment Macroeconomics
Definition and explanation of mixed or semi variable cost: A mixed cost is one that contains both variable and fixed cost elements. Mixed cost is also known as semi variable cost. Examples of mixed costs include electricity and telephone bills. A portion of these expenses are usually consists line rent. Line rent normally is fixed for each month. Variable portion consists units consumed or calls made. The relationship between mixed cost and level of activity can be expressed by the following equation
Premium Variable cost Costs Fixed cost
Considering an IPO? The costs of going and being public may surprise you September 2012 A publication from PwC’s Deals practice Table of contents The heart of the matter 1 Embarking upon the IPO process requires insight into the costs An in-depth discussion 4 The initial public offering Cost of going public Cost of being public 5 12 What this means for your business 27 Assess the readiness of your organization for an IPO to appropriately stage the costs incurred and to minimize
Premium Initial public offering Public company
hour. Production information follows: Luxury Exclusive Direct material $35 $60 Direct Labour $20 $20 Budgeted volume (units) 8‚000 15‚000 The management accountant has determined that the firm’s overhead can be identified with three activities: manufacturing setups‚ machine processing and product shipping. Data on the number of setups‚ machine hours and outgoing shipments‚ which are the activities’ three respective cost drivers‚ follow: Luxury Exclusive Setups 50 30 Machine
Premium Costs Fixed cost Variable cost
have a sound knowledge of cost behaviour ie fixed costs‚ variable costs‚ semi-variable costs and sunk costs. Answer: Understanding cost behaviour helps manager in anticipation of changes in cost when there is a change in their activities like production‚ sales‚ inventory pile up etc. It provides good assistance in planning‚ cost management and decision making. A number of behaviour patterns exist ranging from fixed to variable and from linear to curvilinear. Many cost predictions techniques are
Premium Costs Variable cost Cost
different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
Premium Costs Variable cost