This historical document is derived from a 1990 APA presidential task force (revised in 1997). LEARNER-CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES: A Framework for School Reform & Redesign TABLE OF CONTENTS: Background Learner-Centered Principles Prepared by the Learner-Centered Principles Work Group of the American Psychological Association ’s Board of Educational Affairs (BEA)‚ November 1997 BACKGROUND Throughout its history‚ psychology has provided vital information for the design of schooling based
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Negotiating with learners‚ e.g. initial assessment‚ agreeing goals and actions Initial assessment is the beginning of a teacher/learner relationship‚ allowing the teacher to identify and discover learners with difficulties and disabilities if the learner is confident to talk about them. By recording this information‚ plans towards teaching can be made so every learner feels included and progress in their learning experience. The information will determine the learners starting point; the learners may already
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What is Learner Autonomy and How Can It Be Fostered? Dimitrios Thanasoulas The Internet TESL Journal 2. What is Autonomy? For a definition of autonomy‚ we might quote Holec (1981: 3‚ cited in Benson & Voller‚ 1997: 1) who describes it as ’the ability to take charge of one’s learning’. On a general note‚ the term autonomy has come to be used in at least five ways (see Benson & Voller‚ 1997: 2): • for situations in which learners study entirely on their own; • for a set of skills
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Types of learners People learn in a variety of ways. There are people who better perceive information by listening to it‚ whereas others prefer seeing or visualising it. Some people tend to learn everything through practising . Still‚ others learn best through reading and writing. According to the way of perceiving information‚ learners can be classified into four types: auditory‚ visual‚ kinesthetic and read/write. The first type of learners is auditory learners who process information
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4 Understand how to involve learners and others in assessment 4.1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process Assessment is all about making judgements. A major argument for involving students in self and peer-assessment is that it helps them to develop the ability to make judgements‚ in particular about themselves and their work. This is an important life skill as well as an academic one. If an assessor wants to observe a specific piece of evidence but
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"[I‚ being born a woman and distressed]" by Edna St. Vincent Millay Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet‚ “I‚ Being Born a Woman and Distressed‚” serves as an excellent example of a multi-faceted piece. From one angle‚ it is simply a Petrarchan sonnet‚ written with a slight variation on rhyme scheme – but that variation‚ taken deeper‚ reveals new layers of meaning. Added to Millay’s choice of meter and end-stop‚ along with a background of Millay’s person‚ this sonnet seems not so “simple” after all
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Special learners are individuals whose physical attributes and/or learning abilities differ from the norm. Students who are mentally impaired‚ learning disabled‚ visually impaired‚ hearing impaired‚ physically challenged‚ and gifted and talented are often identified as special learners. Music is a vital part of the education of all learners including special learners. Music is a valuable content area and can be used as an aid in developing basic skills for all learners. Children learn to learn
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than teaching listening in the classroom. My learners‚ who are living and studying in Australia‚ often view understanding the news as a major achievement in their listening development. It is an authentic text that they have free‚ repeated access to on a daily basis. However‚ lower level learners often view news reports as something that is above their level and totally incomprehensible. My aim is to develop my teaching of strategies to help learners become more successful in understanding news
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teaching and other related concepts. The adult learner has strong desire to learn and know what they want in life although they may not be obligated to learn. These types of learners came from various background‚ educational background‚ ages‚ career‚ religion and life experiences but they all have one thing in common and that is their desire to learn. Adult learning is closely related to professional development with assumptions that adult learner need to know‚ need to learn self-concept‚ role
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Negotiating with Learners It is important at the start of any learning experience for learners to have a clear understanding of their prior knowledge‚ skills and current learning needs. To assist learners in taking ownership of their learning experiences‚ teachers can initiate negotiations with learners through the prior use of discussions and assessments to enable negotiations to take place through reflective discussions‚ resulting in establishing personalised learning agreements. As highlighted
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