value options on a stock paying a dividend yield‚ we know how to value options on stock indices and currencies.” Explain this statement. 3. Explain how corporations can use range-forward contracts to hedge their foreign exchange risk. 4. Calculate the value of a three-month at-the-money European call option on a stock index when the index is at 250‚ the risk-free interest rate is 10% per annum‚ the volatility of the index is 18% per annum‚ and the dividend yield on the index is 3% per annum
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Dividend Policy and Firm Performance: Hotel REITs vs. Non-REIT Hotel Companies Executive Summary. This article investigates whether the greater reliance of real estate investment trusts (REITs) relative to non-REIT corporations on external equity financing suggests greater capital market discipline of REIT management‚ or greater access to capital‚ overpaying for assets‚ overbuilding and overinvestment. Our analysis is based on a sample of sixteen hotel REITs and fifty-one non-REIT hotel corporations
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CHAPTER 14: DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS: DIVIDENDS AND SHARE REPURCHASES 1. The optimal distribution policy strikes that balance between current dividends and capital gains that maximizes the firm’s stock price. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 2. Other things held constant‚ the higher a firm’s target payout ratio‚ the higher its expected growth rate should be. a. True b. False ANSWER: False RATIONALE: The higher the payout ratio‚ the less of its earnings the firm reinvests in the business
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SHAREHOLDERS: DIVIDENDS AND SHARE REPURCHASES (Difficulty: E = Easy‚ M = Medium‚ and T = Tough) Multiple Choice: Conceptual Easy: Dividends versus capital gains Answer: d Diff: E [i]. Myron Gordon and John Lintner believe that the required return on equity increases as the dividend payout ratio is decreased. Their argument is based on the assumption that a. Investors are indifferent between dividends and capital gains. b. Investors require that the dividend yield and
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Impact of Dividend Policy on Shareholders’ Wealth of Selected Major Pharmaceutical Units in India CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS OF DIVIDEND PAY OUT TREND 4.1 Introduction Dividend policy has been a concern of significance in financial literature since inception of Joint Stock Companies. Dividends are commonly defined as the distribution of earnings (past or present) in real assets among the shareholders of the firm in proportion to their ownership.xxxix Dividend policy connotes to the payout policy‚ which
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Cluster Theory and Industry Policy: An Overview Author: Stanislav Bucifal Australian National University September 2008 Executive Summary This paper examines the potential of cluster theory to inform industry policy. In the economic sense‚ clusters are production networks of strongly interdependent firms linked to each other in a value-adding production chain (Roelandt et al 1999). A defining characteristic of clusters is the presence of positive externalities which enhance firm competitiveness
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Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournals.com/finance.htm Determinants of Dividend Payout Ratios-A Study of Indian Information Technology Sector Kanwal Anil Jaypee Business School‚ Noida‚ India Sujata Kapoor Institute of Management Studies‚ Ghaziabad‚ India Abstract Profitability has always been considered as a primary indicator of dividend payout ratio. There are numerous other factors other than profitability also that affect dividend decisions of an organization namely cash flows‚ corporate tax‚ sales
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statements about dividend policies is CORRECT? a. Modigliani and Miller argue that investors prefer dividends to capital gains because dividends are more certain than capital gains. They call this the ―bird-in-the hand‖ effect. b. One reason that companies tend to avoid stock repurchases is that dividend payments are taxed at a lower rate than gains on stock repurchases. c. One advantage of dividend reinvestment plans is that they allow shareholders to avoid paying taxes on the dividends that they
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University: Course: Tutor: Date: The missing link between Economic theory and environmental policy Environmental policy is a course of action taken to manage the adverse effects of human activities on the environment. Such actions may be designed to prevent‚ reduce or mitigate harmful effects on the human ecosystem. This is intended to promote sustainable practices on the environment which in turn promote economic development. Economic theory involves the production‚ distribution and consumption of goods
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Ethical Theories‚ Principles‚ Policies‚ Choice making Ethical Theories- Ethical theories are based on the previously explained ethical principles. They each emphasize different aspects of an ethical dilemma and lead to the most ethically correct resolution according to the guidelines within the ethical theory itself. People usually base their individual choice of ethical theory upon their life experiences (1‚2). Deontology The deontological theory states that people should adhere to their
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