incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in the production process.Learning period associated with process changes.Efficiencies from different quality of material or labour from standard; More efficient manufacturing than expected in the standard; Materials
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Product cost is the cost of direct labor‚ direct materials‚ and manufacturing overhead that are consumed to create a product. Product cost can also be considered the cost of the labor required to deliver a service to a customer. Direct Material Cost Definition: Direct material cost is the cost of materials used to manufacture a product or provide a service. Direct Labor Definition: Direct labor is production or services labor that is assigned to a specific product‚ cost center‚ or work order
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CHAPTER 1 The Accountant’s Role in the Organization If you have not already read the Introduction page‚ do so now. It describes the purposes and contents of the Student Guide and recommends a six-step approach for using the Student Guide with the textbook. Overview Welcome to the study of cost accounting. This introductory chapter explains the intertwining roles of managers and management accountants in choosing an organization’s strategy‚ and in planning and controlling its operations
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3. Determining a person’s “entrepreneurial perspective” is an exact science. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 4. Entrepreneurs are pessimists who see the cup half empty‚ rather than half full. ANS: F PTS: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts KEY: pg 29 5. The Academy of Management Review is an example of a journal used in entrepreneurial research. ANS: T PTS: 1
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The historical cost accounting is an accounting technique that values an asset for balance sheet purposes at the price paid for the asset at the time of its acquisition. It is usually used in combination with other measurement bases. For example‚ inventories are usually carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value‚ on the other hand marketable securities are usually carried at market value‚ and entities prefer to carry pension liabilities at their present value. The main advantage of using
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Cost Theory in Economics A central economic concept is that getting something requires giving up something else. For example‚ earning more money may require working more hours‚ which costs more leisure time. Economists use cost theory to provide a framework for understanding how individuals and firms allocate resources in such a way that keeps costs low and benefits high. 1. Function * Economists view costs as what an individual or firm must give up to get something else. Opening a
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Costs of Production July 2011 Topics to be Discussed Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? How do Cost Curves Behave? – Cost in the Short Run – Cost in the Long Run How to Minimize Cost? How to draw Implications for Business Strategy? Topics to be Discussed Production with Two Outputs: Economies of Scope Dynamic Changes in Costs: The Learning Curve Estimating and Predicting Cost Measuring Cost: Which Costs Matter? Accountants tend to take a retrospective view of firms’ costs‚ whereas
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D. 7 5. Let t0 be a specific value of t. Find t0 such that the following statement is true: P(t < t0) = 0.05 where df = 20) A. -1.729 B. 1.729 C. -1.725 D. 1.725 6. When 335 college students were surveyed‚ 130 said they own their car. Find a point estimate for p‚ the population proportion of students who own their cars. A. 0.285 B. 0.388 C. 0.612 D. 0.634 7. Many people think that a national lobby’s successful fight against gun control
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Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis‚ EXHIBIT 11-1 Accounting Information and the Decision Process FIVE-STEP SEQUENCE Step 1: Gathering Information AN ILLUSTRATION The current manufacturing line uses 20 employees‚ 15 operating machines‚ and 5 handling materials‚ for a total cost of $640‚000. The rearrangement of the manufacturing assembly line is expected to eliminate materials-handling costs‚ equivalent to $160‚000. The cost of the rearrangement will be $90‚000. Historical
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Publichttp://pfr.sagepub.com/ Finance Review Public Subsidies to Stadiums: Do the Costs Outweigh the Benefits? Daraius Irani Public Finance Review 1997 25: 238 DOI: 10.1177/109114219702500205 The online version of this article can be found at: http://pfr.sagepub.com/content/25/2/238 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Public Finance Review can be found at: Email Alerts: http://pfr.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://pfr
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