Decoding the DNA of the Toyota Production system: The Toyota Production system has long been considered as the source of Toyota’s outstanding performance as a manufacturer. The distinctive practices of the system especially Kanban and quality circles have been widely used elsewhere. Companies that have tried to adopt the Toyota Production System can be found in diverse fields. However‚ what is surprising is that only a few manufacturers have succeeded in imitating Toyota successfully even though
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DNA From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia For a non-technical introduction to the topic‚ see Introduction to genetics. For other uses‚ see DNA (disambiguation). The structure of the DNA double helix. The atoms in the structure are colour-coded by element and the detailed structure of two base pairs are shown in the bottom right. The structure of part of a DNAdouble helix Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning
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Agarose Gel Electophoresis of DNA Topoisomers Introduction DNA can exist as different isomers that change the confirmation of the DNA’s structure. DNA can be in a linear confirmation this is a relaxed confirmation as the DNA can rotate about its axis unconstrained. It can also exist as a nicked circle this is also a relaxed confirmation as the DNA strands can again rotate freely with respect to one another. Covalently closed circular DNA or cccDNA exists as a supercoil this is because the covalent
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the origin of that material by using tests that provides biologically discrimination between individuals. Blood‚ hair‚ saliva‚ semen and body tissue cells are given as an example of biological material which is collected from crime scene. Also‚ DNA samples have been obtained from vaginal cells transferred to the outside of a condom during sexual intercourse. All individuals in a community have characteristics that allow them to be recognized and distinguished from others‚ for example‚ visual
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CHAPTER 14 LECTURE NOTES: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY I. General Info A. Landmarks in modern genetics 1. Rediscovery of Mendel’s work 2. Chromosomal theory of inheritance 3. DNA as the genetic material 4. Recombinant DNA technology development and applications B. Recombinant DNA refers to the creation of new combinations of DNA segments that are not found together in nature. The isolation and manipulation of genes allows for more precise genetic analysis as well as practical applications
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responsible for transformation is not affected by protein-destroying enzymes. The activity is stopped‚ however‚ by a DNA-destroying enzyme. Thus‚ almost 100 years after Mendel’s experiments‚ Oswald Avery and his co-workers demonstrated that DNA is the material responsible for transformation. Viral Genes and DNA In 1952‚ Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase used the bacteriophage T2 to prove that DNA carried genetic material. A bacteriophage‚ also referred to as phage‚ is a virus that infects bacteria. When
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investigated the amount of DNA extracted from strawberries. This was done by using the independent variable of alcohol to affect the dependant variable of the amount of DNA extracted. This was done to find out if primary or secondary alcohol would create more DNA precipitate than the other. For this the primary alcohols used were; methanol and ethanol‚ and the secondary alcohol was; isopropyl. Of this the secondary alcohol‚ isopropyl was discovered to be the most effect alcohol to make DNA precipitate‚ as it
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polymeric molecule (DNA) the chemical basis of heredity Organized into genes units of DNA that encodes a protein or DNA Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Gene Expression & DNA Replication “The genetic information stored in the nucleotide sequence of DNA serves two purposes.” Source of information for synthesis of protein molecules of the cell GENE EXPRESSION Provides information inherited by daughter cells or offsprings DNA REPLICATION Gene Expression vs DNA Replication GENE
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Fritsch EF‚ Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual‚ 2nd ed.‚ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory‚ Cold Spring Harbor‚ N.Y.‚ 1989. Basic Tools for DNA Manipulation and Molecular Genetic Analysis Enzymes Vectors Gel Electrophoresis PCR Southern blotting Gel Electrophoresis Gel is a complex net work of polymeric molecules Both DNA and RNA are negatively charged owing to phosphate backbone Nucleic acids migrate in a gel toward anode (+) at a rate that is inversely proportional to the log10
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1a: Nucleic acids Our class on DNA is divided into 3 parts: (I) Genetics (II) DNA structure (III) Concepts and applications. I. Genetics: In the primordial period‚ simple molecules were formed from atoms and from these molecules‚ macromolecules were formed. These macromolecules formed life and all living organisms. The classical genetic and heredity observations in the 19th century started the search for the origin of life. The transforming principle of DNA was demonstrated from the experiment
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