We discussed 17 topics regarding about biotechnology. The first topic is about the history of biotechnology. Biotechnology began 7000 BC. It is the application of scientific engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. It is also a technique that uses living organisms (or parts of organisms) to make or modify products‚ to improve plants or animals‚ or to develop microorganisms for specific uses. Karl Ereky is the one who coined biotechnology
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After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • define the biomolecules like carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids; • classify carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids and vitamins on the basis of their structures; • explain the difference between DNA and RNA; • appreciate the role of biomolecules in biosystem. Biomolecules “It is the harmonious and synchronous progress of chemical reactions in body which leads to life”. 14 Unit A living system grows‚ sustains and reproduces itself.
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Part I: Biotechnology Bio – “life”; Techno – “tools”; ologoy – “the study of” The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products Any technological application that uses biological systems‚ living organisms or derivatives thereof‚ to make or modify products or processes for specific use It is an interdisciplinary field merging basic sciences‚ applied science‚ and engineering Branches of Biotechnology a. Bioinformatics – an interdisciplinary field addresses biological problems
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Since the 1980’s the technology used in criminal investigations have improved tremendously in efforts to aid investigators in their investigations. Some technology advances are in the field of forensic science the study of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and how DNA analysis can tell from what substance(s) a person died from and can link a victim to a killer or a killer to a victim. Also advancement in the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) allowed the comparison of thousands of 10-print
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of genetics and biochemistry led to a division of genetics called molecular genetics. In 1953‚ experimentation of deoxyribonucleic acid‚ DNA‚ led to advancement in molecular studies. During the 1970s‚ gene cloning and DNA sequencing methods were developed. The next big step in science happened in the 1980s when methods for DNA marker analysis‚ DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction‚ PCR‚ were all developed. During the 1990s‚ whole genome sequencing methods were developed. This new method
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A2 BIOLOGY CORE PRACTICAL SUMMARY Name of practical Independent & dependent variables Observing patterns by Ecological sampling Random sampling Systemic sampling Other variables to be controlled Abiotic factors e.g. light‚ temperature‚ soil water‚ humidity‚ O2 concentration‚ pH‚ aspect‚ slope angle equipment Gridded Quadrat Tape measure Point quadrat Pitfall trap Sweep Net Pooter Tullgren funnel Baermann funnel Method and outcome Several methods. 1 random sampling = set up grid using
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“copy”= DNA replication -when DNA is copied- interphase‚ S phase of cell cycle -recognition of origin site on DNA -concept of unwinding enzyme (helicase) -RNA primer (RNA primase) -DNA polymerase- adds complementary nucleotides to DNA template strand -concept of complementary relationship among bases-semiconservative antiparallel backbones and 5’ -> 3’ generation of new segments -DNA ligase- hooks Okazawki fragments together -Other- telomere replication‚ proofing by DNA polymerase
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a) Discuss current research into the evolutionary relationships between extinct species‚ including megafauna and extant Australian species. Megafauna simply means large animals‚ in which most have become extinct within the last 20 000 to 50 000 years. The extinction of megafauna was‚ debatably‚ due to climate change and human expansion. Although‚ Africa still retains some megafauna‚ such as the elephant or the rhinoceros. Australia has managed to keep many examples of relict species‚ some from
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Should Cloning be legal and if yes? Should both Therapeutic and reproductive cloning be allowed? Human Cloning is a duplicate of another human by using their own genes. A cloned egg is let to mature till early the embryotic stage and then is injected back into the womb for gestation‚ after it is born it is officially known as a clone. It is the artificial way of reproducing another human’s cells and tissue. Human Cloning is a contentious topic among people‚ the fear of the unknown has left cloning
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is the “heat shock treatment” because the E. coli membrane becomes permeable and increases the competency of the cells which in the end enhances the rate of successful transfer. According to Weedman (2009) genetic transformation is using foreign DNA and inserting it into an organism is known as “change in genes.” This is common in biotechnology in the agricultural sector‚ bioremediation‚ and in the field of medicine. In agricultural sector‚ genes can be genetically changed into plant species that
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