The Advantages of DNA Replication DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid‚ and it is found in the nucleus of every cell in the human body. DNA is the master plan - it contains all the genetic information needed for a living thing to develop and function. Each and every single organism has a unique and different DNA encoding. DNA’s purpose is to store all of our genetic information similar to the way a builders blue print sets out the design of a house. Without DNA there would be no such thing as
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Background on Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification Generally‚ all methods involve the disruption and lysis of cells. This is followed sometimes by the removal of RNA (by RNAses‚ salt or other methods). Choosing which method to use will depend on many selection factors including: DNA is isolated from proteins by several methods including digestion of proteins by the enzyme proteinase K. Proteins are removed subsequently by salting-out‚ organic extraction‚ or binding of the DNA to a solid-phase support
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the structure of DNA they wanted to use the information to help them identify how DNA is replicated. Three different theories of replication were proposed by Watson and Crick. The semi-conservative model‚ where the DNA strand splits into two halves‚ which will then create a new DNA strand consisting of the old original half and a new half. The conservative model where the whole of the original DNA strand acts as a template and is replicated to make a completely new strand of DNA. The dispersive model
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YOUR NOTES UNIT 2 NOTES DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA Functions • Stores genetic information and copies itself (replication) to pass on the information • Contains genes (instructions to make proteins) • Instructs cell’s activities DNA Structure • DNA is a polymer of nucleotides • Chromosomes (DNA strand + associated proteins ie. Histones wrap DNA around like a spool = condensed chromatin) ↓ genes (sections of a chromosome that codes for a protein) ↓ nucleotides (3 parts:
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The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA Replication (Chapter 16) BSCI105 P RINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I BSCI105 P RINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I 4/8/15 1 4/8/15 BSCI105 P RINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I BSCI105 P RINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY I Trivia Question! How many base pairs of DNA are replicated every time a human cell divides? 1. 6 Hundred 2. 6 Thousand 3. 6 Million 4. 6 Trillion Chromosome Structure Prokaryotes • One chromosome • Circular • ~ 5 million base pairs (E. coli ) Eukaryotes • Many chromosomes
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DNA Research Paper DNA Structure: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the code for life; it makes up the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is a long molecule made up of many subunits‚ or monomers‚ called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of three parts: a sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides contain a sugar-phosphate backbone and bases. There are four bases in DNA: adenine‚ cytosine‚ guanine‚ and thymine. A (adenine) always pairs with T (thymine)‚ and C (cytosine)
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the Nucleotide Biosynthetic Pathways 12. DNA Replication Follows a Set of Fundamental Rules 13. DNA Is Degraded by Nucleases 14. DNA Is Synthesized by DNA Polymerases 15. Replication Is Very Accurate 16. E. coli Has at Least Five DNA Polymerases 17. DNA Replication Requires Many Enzymes and Protein Factors 18. Replication of the E. coli Chromosome Proceeds in Stages 19. Bacterial Replication Is Organized in Membrane-Bound Replication Factories 20. Replication in Eukaryotic Cells Is More Complex Unit
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thing Archaea: Most are unicellular and microscopic. Prokaryotic. Example: ancient bacteria‚ live in harsh enviorments‚ Eukarya: Contain a nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotic. Example: Plants‚ animals‚ fungi and all other forms of life -All have cells‚ dna‚ rna‚ membrane‚ ribosomes Producer to Tertiary Consumer in an energy pyramid (trophic levels) -Trophic structure / levels~ feeding relationships in an ecosystem -Primary producers~ the trophic level that supports all others; autotrophs -Primary consumers~
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to the cells d) The patient’s red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells e) The patient’s urine output will decrease 4. All of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis except: a) Facilitated diffusion b) Active transport c) Na+ ions moving out of the cell d) Proton pumps e) Translocation of potassium into a cell 5. All of the following processes take
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of external DNA by a cell 1. Griffith 1920s did experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae (p294 fig16.2) a. took two strains of S. pneumoniae‚ one virulent‚ one not b. heat killed virulent strain‚ then mixed them with the living nonvirulent strain c. living nonvirulent strain became virulent d. nonvirulent strain took on virulent strain’s DNA became virulent e. see p294 fig16.2 S strain = virulent‚ R = nonvirulent f. eventually Griffith’s work lead way to more studies on DNA being the carrier
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