molecule (DNA) the chemical basis of heredity Organized into genes units of DNA that encodes a protein or DNA Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Gene Expression & DNA Replication “The genetic information stored in the nucleotide sequence of DNA serves two purposes.” Source of information for synthesis of protein molecules of the cell GENE EXPRESSION Provides information inherited by daughter cells or offsprings DNA REPLICATION Gene Expression vs DNA Replication GENE EXPRESSION
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Seniors’ Tuition And Mentorship Program (Semester 2‚ 2014) Year 2 2.24: DNA notes Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA -DNA is better known as deoxyribonucleic acid -It is made up of small subunits known as nucleotides. -These nucleotides are further made up of a phosphate group‚ a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. -DNA usually exists as a double-helix structure that is made up of 2 polynucleotide strands that run antiparallel to each other -These two polynucleotide strands are held
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Long and thin for replication and decoding Become short and fat prior mitosis → easier to separate due to compact form Meiosis (reduction division) During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals In spore formation which precedes gamete production in plants Haploid gametes (sperm ovum) - sexual reproduction DNA in a cell replicates only once‚ but cell divides twice The Cell Cycle Interphase G1: Protein synthesis and growth (10 hours) Preparation for DNA replication (e.g. growths of
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Brianna Noriega In order to analyze a dna molecule in a molecular biology lab you must determine the length in nucleotide pairs. Electrophoresis is an extremely useful tool in order to compare the mobility on agarose gels with dna markers of known lengths. Dna is a polymer that is negatively charged due to the sugar phosphates. When dna is on an electric field such as the electrophoresis gel the different lengths of dna migrate at different rates when they move through the porous gel. The ends
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inheritance. It states that DNA makes RNA‚ which makes protein. Genes control the traits by controlling which proteins are made. The process of Central Dogma of Molecular Biology is when DNA transcripts into RNA and then translates into protein. Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from DNA forming into RNA. The differences between DNA and RNA are the sugar that’s in DNA which is called deoxyribose and ribose for RNA which does not have sugar. When DNA replication begins‚ it begins at
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Activity 16.1 Is the Hereditary Material DNA or Protein? Accumulating and Analyzing the Evidence Build a concept map to review the evidence used to determine that DNA was the genetic material‚ the structure of DNA‚ and its mode of replicaton. Keep in mind that there are many ways to construct a concept map. First‚ develop a separate concept map for each set of terms (A to F on the next page). Begin by writing each term on a separate Post-it note or sheet of paper. Then organize each set of terms
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Study Guide (DNA) 1. Define vaccine. Substance that is prepared from killed or weakened diseased causing agents 2. What is the name of the scientist that performed transformation experiments? Griffith Name the living organisms used in these experiments. mice 3. What is transformation? A change in the genotype caused when bacterial cells take up foreign genetic material 4. Who discovered what material was responsible for transformation? What is the material?Oswald Avery DNA 5. Why was
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1. Describe what is happening during DNA replication. Make sure you include which proteins are involved and what they are doing during replication. DNA replication is semi-conservative. It occurs in “origin of replication” to form DNA ligase. In order for DNA to replicate it needs to follow a couple of steps. First: The parental strand divides in 2 separate strands; the helicase unwinds by cutting hydrogen bonds. Then‚ each strand is a template that attracts and binds complementary nucleotides
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choice questions or short answer questions: once you have answered‚ provide a short explanation of your reasoning. ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND IN THE LECTURES. NO ANSWERS WILL BE POSTED. Unit 1-1: DNA and RNA Structures What are the main differences between DNA and RNA? The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by: a. Finding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium b. Finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage c. Finding
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Watson and Crick have been given credit for discovering the three dimensional‚ double helix model of DNA. They got the idea for the double helix shape from a woman named Rosalind Franklin‚ who saw the double helix shape from a picture she took of an x-ray. Frederick Griffith discovered that bacteria can change form and function through transformation. Bacteriophages are a form of a bacterial virus. Viruses act as parasites and can cause many different diseases. Erwin Chargaff figured out that units
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